ACCIPITER. 219 



Genus ACCIPITER Brisson, 1760. 



This genus is closely related to Astur but the plumage is always more 

 or less mottled or barred and the middle toe is relatively longer; culmen 

 from front margin of cere less than half the middle toe without claw; 

 notch in upper mandible less pronounced. 



Species. 



a'. Under parts with wide dark bars, with wide shaft-stripes, or with large round 

 drop-like spots ; tarsus of male, 42 ; of female, 44. 



6'. Fourth primary considerably longer than fifth gularis (p. 219) 



b'. Fourth primary but slightly longer than fifth virgatus (p. 220) 



a^. Under parts nearly uniform dull chestnut, abdomen, flanks, and thighs narrowly 

 barred with white; tarsus of male, 48; of female, .54... manillensis (p. 220) 



179. ACCIPITER GULARIS (Temminck and Schlegel). 

 JAPANESE SPARROW HAWK. 



Astur {nisus) gularis Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna .Japonica, Aves 



(1850), 5, pi. 2. 

 Accipiter gularis GraNt, Ibis (1890), 104; Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 



254; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906j, 41. 

 Accipiter virgaius Siiarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 150 (part). 



Calayan (McGregor) ; Cebu {McGregor) ; Fuga {Whitehead) ; Mindanao {Koch 

 d Hchadenherg) . .Japan, northern China; in winter to Malay Peninsula and Malay 

 Archipelago. 



Adult. — Above including wings, blackish slate, the bases of the feathers 

 pure white with a tendency to show on the nape ; ear-coverts and sides of 

 neck slaty gray, the feathers edged with rufous; sides of face slate, lined 

 with white; chin and throat white with blackish shaft-lines; breast and 

 sides vinous-chestnut ; abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; quills black- 

 ish, inner webs white basally ; secondaries and inner primaries barred with 

 blackish; under wing-coverts and axillars pale ochraceous; tail ashy brown 

 crossed by five bars of blackish brown, seven bars on outermost pair. 

 Male, length, 273 ; wing, 190 ; tail, 124 ; culmen from base, 18 ; tarsus, 

 •15 ; middle toe with claw, 33. Female, length, 295 ; wing, 205 ; tail, 148 ; 

 culmen from base, 18; tarsus, 42; middle toe with claw, 34. 



Immature. — Upper parts dark brown, most of the feathers edged with 

 rusty or earthy brown ; under parts white with wide l)ars of light rusty 

 brown. This plumage is followed by one in which the under parts are 

 white with wide shaft-streaks of blackish brown. Specimens occur with 

 the fore breast streaked and the hind breast, sides, and flanks barred and 

 with individual feathers both barred and streaked. The acquisition of 

 adult plumage proba])ly takes some time, two or three years. 



The preceding descriptions are taken from birds collected in Calayan 

 Island and while none of them shows the complete adult plumage, one 

 specimen has the breast partly chestnut indicating the adidt plumage. 



Grant characterizes .4. gularis as follows: 



"Female adult. — Like .4. nisus, being barred transversely up to the 



