392 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



Order PICIFOl^MES. 



WOOBPECKERS. 



Bill strong and tapering, neither hooked nor cered ; its outlines straiglit 

 or nearly so, its tip compressed and chisel-shaped; legs rather short; 

 feet and nails strong : two toes in front, two or rarely one behind, all free 

 to their bases. 



Suborder PICI. 



Characters same as those given for the Order. 



Family PICID^. 



Subfamily PICIN.^. 



Tail-feathers twelve, more or less wedge-shaped at their tips, the shafts 

 large and very stiff. 



Genera. 



a^. Three toes Tiga (p. 898) 



a-. Four toes. 



6\ Much smaller, length less than 18U mm Yungipicus (p. 392) 



h". Much larger, length more than 250 mm. 



c*. Fore breast and throat marked with large, nearly round, whitish spots; 

 each feather narrowly edged with blackish brown. 



Chrysocolaptes (p. 399) 

 c". Fore breast and throat without large round white spots. 



cP^. Abdomen, flanks, and thighs black or slate-gray, uniform in color with 

 the chest, 

 e^. Smaller, wing less than 180 mm.; most of the plumage lilack. 



Lichtensteinipicus (p. 403) 

 e". Larger, wing more than 210 mm.; most of the plumage slate-gray. 



» Mulleripicus (p. 404) 



dr. Abdomen, flanks, and thighs white or whitish; chest black. 



Thriponax (p. 405) 



Genus YUNGIPICUS Bonaparte, 1854. 



Culmen nearly straight ; nasal ridge weak ; nostrils hidden ; lirst pri- 

 mary short and slender ; second primary nearly equal to third, fourth, and 

 fifth which are subequal; upper parts black or brown, more or less barred 

 with white or ocherous- white ; below white or buff with blackish spots 

 and stripes; wings and tail black or blackish brown, more or less barred 

 with white; females with no red on the head. This genus includes the 

 smallest Philippine woodpeckers; length, about 150 mm. 



