422 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



Suborder ACROMYODI. 



Characters the same as those given in the ke}' to Suborders. 



Families. 



o'. Width of gape about twice the length of bill from nostril ; bill short and weak ; 

 secondaries about one-half as long as wing; legs and feet weak. 



Hirundinidse { p. 424 ) 

 a-. Width of gape usually much less than, or at most about equal to, bill from 

 nostril; secondaries more than one-half as long as wing. 

 b\ Tarsus booted, its anterior face consisting of a single plate, occasionally 

 with obsolete transverse divisions; or, sometimes with one or two trans- 

 verse lines near the foot. 

 c\ Tarsus not longer than bill from gape, usually much less, 

 d'. First primary more than one-half tlie length of the second. 



Pyononotidae (p. 496) 

 d^ First primary much less than one-half the length of the second. 



Certhiidae (p. 611) 

 C-. Tarsus decidedly longer than bill from gape. 



d^. Tertials decidedly shorter than the secondaries. 



e\ Usually much larger; tail square, or nearly so; rictal bristles longer 

 and more numerous; plumage of young mottled or squamate. 



Turdidse (p. 541) 

 e^ Usually much smaller; tail rounded, wedge-shaped, or strongly grad- 

 uated; wing never over 100 mm., usually much less; plumage of 

 young nearly like that of adult, but usually brighter. 



Sylviidae (p. 566) 

 cP. Tertials longer than the secondaries; hind claw usually longer than the 



hind toe Motacillidae (p. 664) 



b'. Tarsus distinctly scutellate, in front at least. 



c^ Posterior face of tarsus rounded and scutellate Alaudidae (p. 673) 



c^ Posterior face of tarsus compressed and acute, without transverse divisions. 

 d}. Cutting edges of bill minutely serrated. 



e\ Bill from nostril more than tarsus; bill slender and strongly curved. 



Nectarinidae (p. 641) 

 e'. Bill from nostril less than tarsus; bill stouter and but little curved. 



Dicaeidae (p. 622) 

 d-. Cutting edges of bill not serrated. 



e\ First primary wanting; the outermost (second) primary nearly as 

 long as the next (third) one. 

 f. Bill slender, curved, and acute; a circle of white feathers around 



the eye (usually) Zosteropidae (p. 613) 



f. Bill stout, conical, and relatively shorter; no circle of white feathers 



around the eye Fringillidae (p. 676) 



e". First primary present, sometimes very minute. 



p. First primary slender, acute, and shorter than primary-coverts. 

 g^. Powder-down patches present on the sides, thighs, and back. 



Artamidae (p. 589) 

 g^. Powder-down patches wanting. 



h^. Bill short and stout; tips of rectrices pointed. 



Ploceidae (p. 687) 



