TURDUS. 547 



Genus TUEDUS Linnasus, ITSS. 



Rictal bristles weak, less than bill from nostril; wing strong, flat, and 

 pointed; third, fourth, and fifth primaries emarginate on outer webs; 

 first primary very short, less than primary-coverts; tail nearfy square; 

 tarsus slightly less than one-third of tail and about equal to middle toe 

 with claw. Upper parts olive-brown, iiisset-brown, or gray; chin and 

 throat light with dusk}' streaks; chest, sides, and flanks dull chestnut or 

 gray; crissum and middle of breast and abdomen white. This color 

 pattern is characteristic of the three migratory species which have been 

 found in the Philippine Islands. 



Species, 



a}. Without a white superciliary stripe. 



b\ Chest, sides, and flanks gray or drab-gray pallidus (p. 547) 



Ir. Chest, sides, and flanks chestnut chrysolaus (p. 548) 



a-. With a well-marked, white, superciliary stripe extending from above lores to 

 above ear-coverts obscurus (p. 549) 



530. TURDUS PALLIDUS Gmelin. 

 PALE THRUSH. 



Turdus pallidus Gmelin^, Syst. Nat. (1788), 1, 815; Sharpe, Hand-List 

 (1903), 4, 128; Gates and Eeid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1905), 4, 118, pi. 

 6, fig. 11; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 84. 



Merula pallida Seebohm, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 5, 273. 



Calayan (McGregor). Japan and eastern Siberia; Formosa and Southern 

 China in winter. 



"In the aduU male the general color of the upper parts is rich russet- 

 brown, tinged with gray on the head; lores very dark brown; ear-coverts 

 brown ; no trace of eye-stripe ; wings brown, the primaries, primary-coverts, 

 and alula wing-feathers with the outer webs slate-gray, the secondaries, 

 greater, median, and lesser wing-coverts with the outer webs russet- 

 brown; tail dark brown, the outer webs of each feather margined with 

 olive-brown; inner web of outside tail-feathers white for half an inch 

 [13 mm.] at the tip; inner web of second outside tail-feather on each 

 side with rather less white at the tip; more or less white at the tip 

 of the third outside tail-feather on each side; throat and cheeks, breast 

 and flanks slate-gray, shading into white on the belly and the center 

 of the breast, and more or less irregularly shaded with brown on the 

 lower throat, sides of breast, and flanks; under tail-coverts white, with 

 the basal half edged with brown; axillars and under wing-coverts pale 

 slate-gray obscurely tipped with white; inner margin of quills pale 

 slaty brown. Bill dark brown, yellow at the base of the under mandible. 

 Wings with the third, fourth, and fifth primaries nearly equal and longest, 

 second primary intermediate in length between the fifth and si:sth, bastard 



