594 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



578. CEPHALOPHONEUS VALIDIROSTRIS (Grant). 

 STRONG-BILLED SHRIKE. 



Lanius validirostris Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club (1894), 3, 49; Ibis (1894), 



512; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 226 (habits). 

 Cephalophoneus validirostris Sharpe, Hand-List (1903), 4, 286; McGregor 



and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 92. 



Luzon (Whitehead, Worcester, McGregor) ; Mindoro {Whitehead). 



Adult male. — Upper parts slate-gray, pale gray on forehead and over 

 eye; frontal band, lores, ear-coverts, and line above and below eye black, 

 forming a broad band to side of neck ; under parts white ; flanks cinnamon- 

 buff, crissum faintly washed with buff; thighs black; wings blackish; 

 inner secondaries margined with white on outer webs; rectrices blackish, 

 the two or three outer pairs narrowly tipped with white. Bill and nails 

 black; legs blackish brown; iris dark brown. Length, about 210; wing, 

 87; tail, 97; culmen from base, 17; bill from nostril, 12; tarsus, 24. 



"Adult female. — Differs slightly in having the black on the sides of 

 the face paler and absent on the forehead, which is whitish gray; the 

 whitish gray margins to the superciliaries are more marked ; the margins 

 to the secondaries are rufous-buff, and the thighs are gray. Length. 

 200 ; wing, 86 ; tail, 89 ; tarsus, 25 ; culmen, 23." {Grant.) 



Young. — Young birds, in first plumage, have the upper part smolcy 

 gray; frontal band, lores, and band through eye black; chin, throat, and 

 middle of abdomen white ; thighs black ; remainder of under parts tawny- 

 buff ; breast and malar region speckled with smoky brown, but no bars on 

 the under parts; wings and tail blackish brown; greater secondary- 

 coverts, inner secondaries and nearly all the remiges edged with tawny- 

 buff. . 



The strong-billed shrike is fairly abundant in Benguet Province, Luzon. 



579. CEPHALOPHONEUS NASUTUS (Scopoli). 

 LARGE-NOSED SHRIKE. 



Lanius nasutus Scopoli, Del Flor. et Faun. Insubr. (1786), 2, 85; Gates, 



Bds. Brit. Burmah (1883), 1, 248; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 228 



(habits) . 

 Lanius ccphalomelas Gadow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1883), 8, 269. 

 Cephalophoneus nasutus Sharps, Hand-List (1903), 4, 287; Gates and 



Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1905), 4, 289; McGregor and Wobcesteb 



Hand-List (1906), 92. 



Ta-rat San Diego, Manila. 



Bohol (fiteere Exp., McGregor) ; Calamianes {Bourns d Worcester, McGregor) ; 

 Cebu {Meyer, Everett, Bourns d- Worcester, McGregor) ; Guimaras (Steere Exp.) ; 

 Leyte (Everett) ; Luzon (Everett, Bourns d Worcester, Whitehead, McGregor, 

 Bartsch) ; Masbate (Bourns d Worcester) ; Mindanao (Everett, Koch d Schaden- 

 berg. Bourns d Worcester) ; Mindoro (Everett) ; Negi'os (Steere Exp., Bourns d 

 Worcester, Keay) ; Panay (Sonnerat, Steere Exp., Bourns d Worcester) ; Saniar 

 (Bourns d Worcester) ; Siquijor (Steere Exp., Bourns d Worcester, Celestino) . 

 Northern Borneo. 



