680 MANUAL OF PHILIITINE BIRDS. 



white; axillars canary-yellow; wing-lining and edges of the inner wehs 

 of quills white. Iris brown ; bill yellow ; its tip dusky ; legs light brown, 

 soles pale yellow; nails dusky. A male from Calayan Island measures: 

 Length, 165; wing, 94; tail, 65; culmen from base, 13; tarsus, 20. 



Female in winter. — ISTot greatly different from the male. A female 

 from Japan measures: Wing, 85; tail, 58; culmen from base, 13; tarsus, 

 19. 



Male in summer. — "The summer plumage of the male is gradually 

 assumed by the shedding of the sandy-colored edges, and the bluish ashy 

 of the hind neck and mantle remains as a spot behind the head, the 

 feathers of these parts generally showing ashy gray bases throughout the 

 summer plumage. 



"Nestling. — Recalls the plumage of the adult female, but more tinged 

 with olive, the nape-patch well developed, and the rump-patch tinged 

 with sulphur-yellow ; under surface of body washed with pale sulphur- 

 yellow, tinged witli orange on fore neck, chest, and sides of body." 

 (Sharije.) 



The brambling as a Philippine species is known only from three 

 winter specimens collected in Calayan Island. 



Genus PASSER Brisson, 1760. 



Bill moderately stout, not greatly compressed; culmen straight and 



with a decided ridge for its basal half; rounded and gently curved for 



its distal half; wing moderate in length, covering less than half the tail, 



and its tip not reaching the base of toes. Colors black, dingy white, rusty 



brown, and liver-brown. 



• 

 695. PASSER MONTANUS (Linnsus). 



MOUNTAIN SPARROW.* 



Fringilla montana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 183. 



Passer montanus Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1888), 12, 178; White- 

 head, Ibis (1899), 238 (habits) ; Hume, Gates ed. Nests & Eggs Ind. 

 Bds. (1890), 2, ]02; McGbegob and Woecestee, Hand-List (1906), 

 104. 



Gor-re-6n, Manila. 



Cebu (Bourns d Worcester, McGregor) ; Luzon (Steere Earp., Bourns & Wor- 

 cester, McGregor) . Northern Africa and nearly the whole of Europe and Asia. 



Adult {sexes similar). — Forehead, crown, and hind neck liver-brown or 

 vinous-chestnut; back, rump, and tail-coverts dull cinnamon-rufous; back 

 with wide black .stripes confined to the inner web of each feather; lores, a 

 line under eye, a large patch on ear-coverts, chin, and middle of throat 

 black; remainder of sides of head and sides of throat grayish white; 



This species is called "tree sparrow" by some authors. 



