ORIOLUS. 701 



white heavily streaked with black; feathers of crissum dark olive-green, 

 edged with olive-yellow ; rectrices black slightly washed with olive basally, 

 narrowly tipped with dark gray on both webs and with light yellow on 

 inner webs; inner webs of wing-quills edged with pale gray; axillars 

 and wing-lining cinereous; bend of wing gray, washed with yellow. 

 Iris bright red; bill dull red-brown; feet lead-blue; nails black. In the 

 immature bird the iris is white and the bill dull brown. An adult male 

 measures: Length, 234; wing, 122; tail, 94; culmen from base, 24; bill 

 from nostril, 16.5 ; tarsus, 22. Adult female, wing, 116 ; tail, 86 ; culmen 

 from base, 24; bill from nostril, 16.5; tarsus, 22. 



While this species is plainly of the Oriolus steeri type it differs in 

 being larger, in the much darker and greener upper parts and under 

 tail-coverts, in the darker throat and breast, in the wider black markings 

 of abdomen, and in the reduced yellow tips of rectrices. 



"0. assimilis is exceedingly common in the small amount of forest 

 left in Cebu. It is a well-marked species and could not possibly be 

 mistaken for 0. steeri, being a much darker bird. The lack of the bright 

 rump and under tail-coverts is an especially striking point of difference. 

 Sixteen males average : Length, 225 ; wing, 120 ; tail, 89 ; culmen, 26 ; 

 tarsus, 22.3; middle toe with claw, 23.8. Ten females, length, 217; 

 wing, 118; tail, 87; culmen, 25.6; tarsus, 22.3; middle toe with claw, 

 23.3. Iris usually bright red, but in one case gray; legs and feet dark 

 drab, nails black; bill light to dark reddish brown. Food worms, grubs, 

 snails, and fruit.'' {Bourns and Worcester MS.) 



71.5. ORIOLUS XANTHONOTUS Horsfield. 



BLACK-HEADED ORIOLE. 



Oriolus xanthonotus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. (1821), 13, 152; Shabpe, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1877), 3, 213; Ibis (1888), 200; McGregob and 

 Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 107. 



Calamianes {Worcester); Palawan (Everett, Whitehead, Steere Exp., Botirns 

 & Worcester, Celestino, White) . Malacca, Java, Sumatra, Borneo. 



Adult male. — Entire head, neck, chin, throat, and chest black; back, 

 rump, tail-coverts, and crissnm rich lemon-yellow; feathers of back with 

 obscure dusky shaft-lines; basal feathers of crissum with mesial streaks 

 of olive-green ; lower breast, abdomen, sides, and flanks white with wide, 

 black, mesial streaks; sides and flanks washed with yellow; breast also 

 washed with yellow in some specimens; feathers of thighs black, tipped 

 with light yellow ; wings black ; primaries edged with light gray ; second- 

 aries, tertials, and greater coverts nari'owly edged with bright yellow ; 

 median coverts more widely edged with yellow; lesser coverts entirely 

 yellow; inner webs of quills edged with pale yellow; under wing-coverts 

 black, edged with yellow ; axillars yellow ; rectrices black, slightly fringed 

 with yellow basally, widely tipped with yellow on inner webs, about 25 

 83286 19 



