710 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



primar}^ nearly, or quite, as long as the third; tail square, or else the 

 rectrices graduated; tarsus stout, distinctly scutellate in front and bila- 

 minate behind. 



Subfamily STURNIN^E. 



The arrangement of the genera here placed in the subfamily Sturnince 

 is far from satisfactory. Gates, Fauna of British India, Birds (1889), 

 1, 509, has established the family Eulabetidm for the reception of two 

 of these genera, Eulabcs and Calornis {=Lamprocorax) , and at the 

 same time says: "Probably Eulabes should not be associated with Ca- 

 lornis, but rather with the subfamily Sibiince of the CrateropodidoB." 

 It is true that Eulabes and Calornis^ as well as Sarcops and Goodfellowia, 

 present some well-marked differences from typical starlings, such as the 

 members of Sturnia, and some rearrangement of these genera may 

 become necessary. 



Qenera. 



a\ Circumocular region fully feathered; no bare space nor fleshy wattle anywhere 

 on the head. 

 V. Frontal feathers short; nostrils exposed. 



c\ Plumage largely white and gray; frontal feathers not soft and pile-like. 



d}. Bill shorter and stouter; wing, 105 mm. or less Sturnia (p. 710) 



d^ Bill longer and more slender; wing, 115 mm. or more. 



Spodiopsar (p. 713) 

 c'. Plumage entirely glossy greenish black; frontal plumes soft and pile-like. 



Lamprocorax (p. 715) 

 fc^ Frontal feathers long, erect or antrorse, forming a compressed fan-shaped 



covering to base of bill; nostrils entirely concealed iEtheopsar (p. 717) 



a". Circumocular region naked; or else with large fleshy wattles on nape and 

 bare spaces on sides of face. 

 h\ Tail longer, rectrices strongly graduated; a large unfeathered space around 

 each eye. 



&. Without a crest; tail shorter than wing Sarcops (p. 718) 



c*. With a crest of long decomposed feathers springing from the crown; tail 



much longer than wing Goodfellowia (p. 720) 



b'. Tail shorter and nearly square; narrow naked spaces below and behind each 

 eye; a large fleshy wattle on each side of nape Eulabes (p. 720) 



Genus STUENIA Lesson, 1837. 



Bill rather stout, much shorter than head; culmen curved near its 

 tip; nasal membrane covered with short feathers; frontal plumes not 

 conspicuously developed ; head without bare spaces ; rectrices very slightly 

 graduated and extending little, if at all, beyond the rather short toes. 



