PRATINC'OLA. 59 



Plumage not entirely black and white. 

 c . Chin and throat black. 



a". No white on tail except at extreme base . P. manra J, p. 01. 



b". Inner webs of tail-feathers white P. leucura $ , p. 63. 



d'. Chin, throat, and uppor tail-coverts white or 

 pale rufous. 



c". Inner webs of tail-feathers white P, macrorhgncha, 



d". Inner webs of tail-feathers black or brown. [p. 63. 



«'". Under wing-coverts and axillaries black 



broadly edged with white ; wing 3 - . . P. insignis, p. 64. 

 V" . Under wing-coverts and axillaries rufous j P. viaura §, p. 61. 



or fulvous ; wing 2'6 (P. leucura § , p. 63. 



e'. Chin and throat bi'owa ; upper tail-coverts 

 deep ferruginous. 



e". Wing about 2-8 P. caprata £ , p. 59. 



/". Wing about 3 P. atrata $ , p. 60. 



608. Pratincola caprata. The Common Pied Bush-Chat. 



Motacilla caprata, Linn. S'jst. Nat. i, p. 335 (1766). 



Saxicola bicolor, Sgkes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 92. 



Pr.itincola caprata (Linn.), Bli/th, Cat. p. 169; Horsf. $ M. Cat. 



i, p. 281 ; Jercl. B. 1. ii, p. 123 ; Hume, N. $ E. p. 312 ; Anders. 



Yunnan Erped., Ares, p. 617; Hum?, Cat. no. 481 ; Sharpe, Cat. 



B. M. iv, p. 195 (part.) ; Oates, B. B. i, p. 2^1 ; Barnes, Birds 



Bom. p. 19 J ; Oates in Humes N. $ E. 2nd ed. ii, p. 41. 



The White-winged Black Robin, Jerd. ; Pidha, Kala pidha, Iliud. ; 

 Kumpa nalanchi, Tel. 



Coloration. Male. In the summer the whole plumage is black, 

 except the lower part of the rump, the upper and lower tail-coverts, 

 and those feathers of the wing neai'est the body, which are white, 

 the latter forming a very conspicuous patch on the wing. 



In the autumn the black feathers are more or less fringed with 

 rufous -brown. 



of these, but to which will probably never be satisfactorily determined, Linnaeus 

 assigned the name Motacilla sybilla (Syst. Nat. i, p. 337). I propose, therefore, 

 that Linnaeus's name should be retained for the smaller bird, with wing 25 

 or 2'fi, and Tristram's name for the larger, with wing 2'9. 



The occurrence of P. robusta in India must, for the present I think, be viewed 

 with a certain amount of distrust, and I therefore omit it from my list. The 

 following is a description of the type, which appears to be a male, judging from 

 its fine colour : — 



The breast and sides of the body are a deep cinnamon-rufous, sharply de- 

 marcated from the pure white of the abdomen, which extends to the vent and 

 under tail-coverts ; the axillaries and under wing-coverts are white with dark 

 bases ; the tail is black ; the other parts of the plumage resemble the same 

 parts in P. maura and P. leucura in autumn plumage. 



Length about 6 ; tail 24 ; wing 29 ; tarsus - 9 ; bill from gape "6. 



The many specimens from the Himalayas which have baen identified with this 

 species by Brooks, Scully, and others are quite a different type of bird and are, 

 in my opinion, merely large specimens of P. maura. 



