60 TUKDIDyE. 



Female. The upper plumage grey, with dark brown mesial streaks, 

 the back tinged with rufous ; upper tail-coverts ferruginous ; tail 

 black ; chin and throat brownish grey ; breast, upper part of the 

 abdomen, and sides wood-brown with dark streaks ; lower part of 

 the abdomen the same but without streaks; under tail-coverts 

 rufescent ; lores and feathers in front of the eye mixed with white ; 

 quills and the larger coverts brown narrowly edged with rufescent, 

 the other coverts brown broadly edged with light buff ; under wing- 

 coverts bright buff with dai'k centres. In the winter the grey 

 margins on the upper plumage are so ample that hardly any of the 

 dark brown centres are visible ; otherwise there is no change. 



The young are fulvous-brown, mottled all over with dusky ; in 

 the young male the white patch on the wing makes its appeai'auce 

 from the earliest period. 



Tris brown ; eyelids plumbeous ; bill black ; mouth dusky ; legs 

 and claws black. 



Length ahout 5*5 ; tail 2-2 ; wing 2*8 ; tarsus "85 ; bill from 

 gape 7. 



Fig. 24.— Head of P. caprata. 



Distribution. A resident species throughout the whole of India 

 and Burma, except the southernmost part of the peninsula of India 

 and portions of Tenasserim. This bird ascends the Himalayas up to 

 8000 feet, probably in summer only. It is found in the south as 

 far at least as Maddur in Mysore. It is more or less abundant 

 throughout the peninsula and through Assam and the Burmese 

 provinces to Pegu. In Tenasserim Davison observed this bird in 

 the northern and central portions, but not in the extreme south, 

 and AVardlaw Bamsay procured it in Karennee. 



Outside Indian limits this species extends to Persia on the west, 

 and on the east and south to the Philippines and Java. 



Habits, Sfc. Breeds from March to June, constructing a Hat, and 

 frequently shapeless, nest in a hole in the ground, in a bank or in 

 a well, composed of grass, roots, and hair. The eggs, usually four 

 in number, are pale bluish green, marked in various ways with 

 brownish red, and measure about "67 by "55. 



C09. Pratincola atrata. The Southern Pied Bush-Chat. 



Pratincola atrata, Kelaart, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xx, p. 177 (1851) ; 



Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 124 ; Oates in Hume's N. $ F. 2nd ed. ii, p. 40. 

 Pratincola bicolor (Sykes), apud Hvme, N. fy E. p. 814 ; Ley ye, Birds 



Ceyl. p. 430 ; Hume, Cat. no. 482 ; Davison, S. F. x, p. 389. 

 Pratincola caprata (Linn.), apud Sharpe, Cat. B. M. ix, p. 195 



(part.). 



