EMBEBIZA. 259 



796. Emberiza hortulana. The Ortolan Bunting. 



Emberiza hortulana, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 309 (1700) ; TZorsf. $• M. 

 Cat. ii, p. 4*4 ; Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 372 ; Hume, Cat. no. 715 ; Bid- 

 dulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 80 ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 574; Sharpe, Cat. 

 B. M. xii, p. 530. 



Euspiza hortulana {Linn.), Blyih, Cat. p. 129. 



Emberiza shah, Bonap. Cunsj). Av. i, p. 465 (1850). 



Coloration. Male. Forehead, crown, and nape dusky olive-green ; 

 back and scapulars pale rufous, with broad black streaks ; rump 

 and upper tail-coverts pale rufous, with less distinct black streaks ; 

 tail dark brown edged with rufous, the two outer pairs of feathers 

 white on the terminal half of the inner web ; lesser wing-coverts 

 ashy ; remaining coverts and quills brown with rufous margins ; 

 feathers on the eyelids, lores, cheeks, chin, and throat yellow ; sides 

 oL' the bead and neck dusky olive ; a moustaehial streak pale brown ; 

 upper breast dull olive-yellow ; remainder of lower plumage 

 cinnamon-rufous. 



The above is the full breeding- plumage. I have not been aide 

 to examine freshly moulted autumn birds, but these are said to have 

 pale margins to the feathers of the head and breast as in the other 

 species of Buntings. 



Female. Besembles the male very closely but is much paler on 

 chin and throat, and the upper breast is frequently streaked with 

 brown, which may, however, be only remains of the immature 

 plumage. 



The young bird is pale rufous throughout, densely streaked with 

 dark brown both above and below. 



Bill dark flesh-colour, rather darker above than below ; iris 

 brown ; legs pale fleshy red (Dresser). 



Length about 6 - 5 ; tail 2 - 8 ; wing 3 - 6 ; tarsus "75 ; bill from 

 gape *55. 



Distribution. A rare visitor to Gilgit, where this species has 

 been obtained in May. This Bunting is found in Afghanistan 

 and Turkestan and extends westwards throughout Europe. 



797. Emberiza aureola. The Yellow-breasted Bunting. 



Emberiza aureola, Pall. Bets. Buss. Beichs, ii, p. 711 (1773); 



Anders. Yunnan Eaped., Aves, p. 602 ; Oates, B. B. \, p. 355 ; 



Sharpe, Cat. B. M. xii, p. 509. 

 Mirafra flavicollis, McClell. P. Z. 8. 1839, p. 163. 

 Euspiza aureola (Pall.), Blyth, Cat. p. 129; Hor.f. # M. Cat. ii. 



p. 487 ; Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 380; Hume, Cat. no. 723 ; id. S. F. xi, p. 282. 

 Euspiza flavogxdaris, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xviii, pp. 86, 811 (1849) ; 



id. Cat. p. 12!). 



Coloration. Male. After the autumn moult the whole upper 

 plumage is a dull chestnut, each feather margined with ashy ; tail 

 brown, margined with didl rufous, the outermost feather with abroad 

 diagonal white band across the inner web, the penultimate with a 

 narrow white tip ; lesser wing-coverts chestnut edged with ashy ; 



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