310 MOTACILLIDJE. 



with rather well-defined brown marks and a few indistinct streaks 



on the sides of the body. At each spring moult the streaks become 

 reduced in number and ultimately disappear. 



Iris blackish brown ; bill dark horny brown above, pale flesh 

 below : legs and feet pale yellowish flesh (Butler). 



Length about 7'5 ; tail 3; wing 3-5 ; tarsus 1 ; bill from gape - 8 : 

 hind claw -45, A'ery slightly longer than hind toe. 



Distribution. A winter visitor to the plains of the north-west 

 portion of India, ranging to Ahmednagar on the south and to 

 Manbhoom and Mughal Sarai on the east. At this season this 

 species ranges westwards to Northern Africa. It summers in 

 Europe, Central Asia, and Siberia. 



849. Anthus cervinus. The Red-throated Pipit. 



Motacilla cervina, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-Asiat. i, p. 511 (1811). 

 Anthus cervinus (Pull.), Hume, S. F. ii, p. 2."!!>; Hume 8f Dav. 8. F. 



vi, p. ?>67 ; Hume, Cat. no. (505 bis ; Oates, B. B. i, p. 1G9 ; SAarpe, 



Cat. B. M. x, p. 585. 



Coloration. The fully adult has the whole, upper plumage black 

 with fulvous or pale rufous margins to all the feathers ; wings and 

 tail dark brown, edged with pale fulvous, the outermost tail-feather 

 diagonally white on the terminal two thirds of its length, the 

 penultimate with a small white tip ; a distinct supercilium, cheeks, 

 chin, throat, and upper breast vinous or cinnamon-red, the breast 

 with a few black streaks ; sides of the breast densely streaked ; 

 remainder of lower plumage fulvous, suffused with pink, the sides 

 of the body densely and coarsely streaked with black ; lores and 

 ear-coverts vinous-brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries buff. 



The young bird has the upper plumage, wings, and tail like the 

 adult ; the supercilium indistinct and fulvous ; lores and ear-coverts 

 rufous-brown ; the whole lower plumage fulvous, the chin, throat, and 

 cheeks unspotted, a broad black band dowu each side of the throat, 

 1 lie whole breast and sides of the body with very broad black streaks ; 

 middle of abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts unmarked. 



At each successive spring moult the young bird acquires more 

 and more vinous on the head and breast and probably becomes fully 

 adult in Ihree years. 



I pis brown ; bill dark brown, the gape and base of lower mandible 

 yellowish ; legs yellowish flesh-colour; claws horn-colour. 



Length about 0-5 ; tail 2-4 ; wing 3'3 ; tarsus *9 ; bill from 

 gape "Go ; hind claw *45. 



Distribution. A common winter visitor to the eastern part of the 

 Empire from Assam down to Tenasserim, extending along the 

 Himalayas to Gilgitand Kashmir. This Pipit is also found in the 

 Andamans in winter. At this season it ranges west to North-east 

 Africa and East China and the Malayan islands. It summers in 

 Northern Europe and Siberia. 



