328 ALAUDID JE. 



coverts more sandy than the other parts ; wing-coverts and quills 

 dark brown broadly edged with fulvous ; middle pair of tail-feathers 

 dark brown broadly edged with rufous ; the next three pairs dark 

 brown, very narrowly margined with fulvous ; the penultimate dark 

 brown, with the terminal half of the outer web very pale buff ; the 

 outermost with the outer web nearly entirely pale buff, and 

 the inner web with the inner half brown and the outer half whitish ; 

 lores and a supercilium pale buff ; ear-coverts hair-brown ; sides 

 of the neck pale brown ; lower plumage dull white, the breast 

 washed with brown ; the breast is frequently streaked with darker 

 brown, but sometimes perfectly plain ; there is almost always a 

 dusky or blackish patch on each side of the breast. 



Iris brown; legs and feet brownish flesh-colour ; upper mandible 

 dark horny brown; lower mandible pale fleshy (B idler). 



Length about 6*5 ; tail 2-4 ; wing 3-5 to 3*8 ; tarsus '8 ; bill from 

 gape *55. 



Distribution. A winter visitor to the north-west portion of the 

 Empire, west of a line drawn roughly from Bombay to Kumaun. 

 This species ranges into Turkestan and extends westwards to 

 Europe and Northern Africa. 



863. Calandrella dukhunensis. The Rufous Short-toed Lark. 



Emberiza baghaira, Franhl. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 119 (descr. nulla). 



Alauda dukhunensis, Syhes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 93. 



Calandrella brachydactyla (Temm.), Blyth, Cat. p. 132: Jerd. B. I. 

 ii, p. 426 ; Ball, S. F. ii, p. 423 ; Fairbank, S. F. iv, p. 261 ; Ball, 

 S. F. vii, p. 223 ; Hume, Cat. no. 761 (pt.) ; Scully, S. F. viii, 

 p. 337 ; Butler, S. F. ix, p. 418 ; Reid, 8. F. x, p. 58 ; Davidson, 

 8. F. x, p. 314; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 279 (pt.). 



Coryphidea calandrella (Bonelli), Ilorsf. 8f M. Cat. ii, p. 472. 



Alauda (Calandrella) brachydactyla, Temm. Blanf. J. A. 8. B. xli, 

 pt. ii, p. 62. 



Calandrella dukhunensis, Sharpe, Cat. B. M. xiii, p. 584. 



Baghaira, Bagheyri, Baghoda, Hind. 



Coloration. Resembles C. brachydactyla, but has the whole lower 

 plumage fulvous, darker on the breast and sides of the body ; the 

 upper plumage also a rich fulvous : has a longer wing. 



Iris brown; legs and feet brownish flesh-colour, dusky at the 

 joints ; bill dark horny brown above, pale flesh below (Butler). 



Length about (J-5 ; tail 2-4 ; wing 3-8 to 4-1 ; tarsus *8 ; bill 

 from gape *6. 



This appears to me to be an easily recognizable form of Short- 

 toed Lark with quite a distinct area of distribution from C. brachy- 

 dactyla. I have examined specimens killed in India from August 

 to April. The deep fulvous lower plumage combined with the 

 longer wing suffice to separate this species from C. brachydactyla 

 when the plumage is in good order. 



Distribrition. The whole of India east of a line drawn roughly 

 from Bombay to Kumaun, and as far south as Belgaum, extending 



