on Dr. Jerdon's 'Birds of India.' 11 



figured by Gray and Mitchell (Gen. Birds, pi. 58), and also 

 0. macrourus, nobis, of the Nicobar Islands. Another species 

 akin to the two latter is 0. frontalis, Wallace (P. Z. S. 1862, 

 p. 333, Aves, pi. xl.), from the Sula Islands, midway between 

 Celebes and the Moluccas. O. hippocrepis of Java diflPers from 

 0. chinensis (O. indicus, Briss.) in its smaller size^ having the 

 wing 5 inches long only, and the yellow border to the secon- 

 daries much reduced. 



473. Oriolus ceylonensis, Bp. ; 0. melanocephalus, C. W. 

 Habn, Vogel, &c. pt. vi. tab, 5. 



474. Oriolus trailli is not the '' only " species of the 

 division Psaropholus, iov^hxch 0. sanguinolentus,T emm. (PI. Col. 

 499), of Java and likewise Mr. Swinhoe's P. ardens of Formosa 

 (Ibis, 1862, pi. xiii.) appertain. 



475. CopsYCHUs SAULARis* (L.) ; .Gould, B. As. pt. xv. pi. 

 "Identically the same in China'' (Swinhoe). In Ceylon the 



females (so far as I have seen) have the back blackish, like 

 those of the Malayan C. mindanensis; whereas in Bengal and 

 other parts of India, and also in Burmah, the females have the 

 back comparatively pale ashy. The female of the Chinese bird 

 I have not seen ; but Mr. Swinhoe remarks (Ibis, 1864, p. 422, 

 note) that " the female of the Ceylon Copsychus differs as much 

 from the male as ours," i. e. the Chinese bird. The males from 

 China, India^ and Ceylon are undistinguishable. As Dr. Jer- 

 don recognizes the slight distinction between the Dhyals [Co- 

 psychus] and the Shamas [Cittocincla) , and I believe that most 

 ornithologists would do so if familiar with the living birds, he 

 should have referred the Tnrdus luzoniensis of Kittlitz to the 

 latter, and not to the former, in which, however, he has followed 

 Dr. Sclater (P. Z. S. 1861, p. 186). All of the Shamas have 

 more or less of bright ferruginous colouring, more delicately 

 formed pinkish tarsi and toes, and generally a more lengthened 



* This word is not a misprint for Solaris, as has been suggested, Lin- 

 naeus having evidently latinized Ray's " Saulary," the name under 

 which that naturalist ligured the species. Levaillant's translation of the 

 native word *'Dhyal" or "Dial" into cadran is rather an amusing 

 mistake. 



