IIG Mr. 0. Salviu on the Genua Ciuclus. 



tentriunalis, Biehm, Lehrb. i. p. 287, and Naumannia, 1856, 

 p. 188. C. peregrinus, Brehm, Naumannia, 1856, p. 187 (?). 

 C. aquaticus, Kjaerb., Danmarks Fugle, p. 135, tab. xv. ; Nilsson, 

 Sk. Faun. Fogl. i. p. 371 (1858) ; Von Wright, Finlands Fogl. 

 p. 165 (1859) j Zander, Uebers. Vog. Meklenbui-g's, p. 66 ; 

 Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 51 (Trebizond) ; Fraser, P. Z. S. 1839, 

 p. 120 (Erzeroom) ; Godinan, Ibis, 1861, p. 80 (Bodo, Norway) 

 Stevenson, B. Norf. i. p. 69 (Norfolk). 



C. siniilis C. aquatico, capitis et colli postici coloribus saturatio- 

 ribus et abdoaiine medio fere omnino nigro distinguendus. 



Hab. Scandinavian Peninsula — Lapland [Wolley), Carlstad, 

 Sweden [Wheelwright), Gottenburg {Mus. Brit.); Denmark 

 [Kjferhdlling) ; Asia Minor, Erzeroom [Robson); England — Nor- 

 folk occasionally (Stevenson) ; Holland occasionally (Nozemann) . 



Six specimens of this race (two from Carlstad, two from 

 Northern Lapland, one from Norway, and one from Erzeroom) 

 exhibit the constant differences from C. aquaticus I have pointed 

 out above. They vary a little in size; the largest specimen, 

 one from the Muonio River, exceeds the male from South Wales 

 described above. In a collection of birds from Asia Minor re- 

 cently sent to Prof. Newton by Mr. Robson is a single specimen 

 of a Dipper which differs in no way from Scandinavian speci- 

 mens, though the second and third primaries not being fully 

 grown show a rounder wing. Dr. Adams mentions a specimen 

 from Russia in Sir W. Jardine^s collection. This locality is a 

 step towards filling up the wide distance between the two extreme 

 limits of the range of this race, which may possibly extend along 

 tiie Ural Mountains and also be found in the Caucasian range. 



The ferruginous colour of the under plumage is not entirely 

 absent, but is very dark and limited in extent. 



There can be little doubt but this is the true Sturnus cin- 

 clus of Linnseus, first described in the ' Fauna Suecica,' and 

 afterwards again in the edition of 1766 of the ' Systema Naturre,' 

 where no mention is made of the rufous colouring*. Nearly all 

 subsequent writers had the Central European form before them. 

 The occasional appearance of Dippers in Holland is mentioned 



* Those ornithologists tlierefore who prefer to use the generic terra 

 Uydrobata shouhl restrict the name H. cinckis (h.) to this race. 



