Mr. 0. Salvin on the Genus Cinclus. 117 



by Temminck; that these are of the black-breasted race seems 

 likely, from the fact of one of these birds being figured in the 

 old work of Nozemann. Their occurrence in Holland is probably 

 due to the same cause which drives them to the Norfolk coast, 

 namely the severity of winter in the Scandinavian peninsula. 



4. Cinclus cashmiriensis. 



Cinclus cashmiriensis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 494, and B. As, 

 pi. Hydrobata cinclus, L. Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 489, and 

 1859, p. 180. H. cashmiriensis, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 374. 



C. supra capite toto cum collo postico et dorso obscure brunneis, 

 hoc saturatiore : uropygio, alis et Cauda fusco-nigris, phxmis 

 obscure cinereo marginatis : subtus gula et pectore albis, 

 abdomine fuliginoso, versus pectus rufescentiore : long, 

 tota 8*0, al« 4*0, caudse 2*3, tarsi I'l, rostri a rictu 1*0. 



Obs. — C. aquatico similis, sed abdomine fuliginoso, dorso 

 brunneo, et statura majore distinguendus. 



Hab. Ladakh, Thibet ; Duchinpara, Cashmere {L. Adams)'} 

 Sikkim [fide Blyth); Persia {Mus. Brit.). 



Mus. Brit, et J. Gould (spec. typ.). 



The above description is taken from the type specimen kindly 

 lent me by Mr. Gould. The feathers of the lower back and 

 uropygium are somewhat worn ; but the coloration appears to be 

 the reverse of what is found in C. aquaticus, being black with 

 grey margins, instead of grey with black margins *; the margin, 

 too, of the white breast is not so clearly defined as it is in C. 

 aquaticus. The spurious primary also is longer than that of 

 any specimens of the European races, which seem to vary some- 

 what in this respect. 



5. Cinclus leucogaster. 



Sturnus cinclus (var.). Pall. Zoogr. R.-As. i. p. 426. Cinclus 

 aquaticus, var. leucogaster, Radde, Reis. S. O. Sib. p. 218. " C. 

 leucogaster, Eversm.," Middend. Sib. Reis. i. p. 163 ; " Brandt in 

 TchithatchefF's Voy. Sc. Altai, p. 418," Gould, B. As. pi. ; Bp., 

 Consp. i. p. 252. 



* The bird described by Pallas (Zoogi'. R.-As. i. pp. 425, 426} as Sturnus 

 cinclus may be tbis species ; lie says, " Caput cervix obsolete fuliginoso 

 nigra, dorsum nigrius, opacum, plumis singulis litura lunulata cauescente 

 notatis," &c. 



