Migrations of North American Birds. 



281 



proceed to consider the subject of their movement eastward 

 toward Greenland and Europe, that of European birds toward 

 North America, and the several causes that appear to influence 

 such migrations, and to present various tables of geographical 

 distribution bearing upon the question introduced. 



A comparison of the carefully prepared lists of Greenland 

 birds by Keinhai-dt in * The Ibis ' for 1861, and of Iceland birds 

 by Newton, published in ' Iceland, its Scenes and Sagas,' by 

 Sabine Baring-Gould, in 1863, will show that all the land-birds 

 mentioned as abundant in Iceland are, with few exceptions, 

 more or less common in Greenland ; and it is therefore very 

 probable that the additions to the lists of the European birds 

 found in Greenland are to be looked for among the remainder 

 of the Icelandic species. The following list, compiled from the 

 above sources, of all land-birds of Iceland and of the European 

 species occurring in Greenland, will illustrate the relationship 

 in this respect : — 



European Land-Birds found in Iceland and Greenland. 



Haliaetus albicilla (Lifm.) ... 



Falco candicans *, Gmel 



islandicus, Gmel 



peregrinus, i 



a?salon, L 



Nyctea nivea {Baud.) 



Otus braehyotus 



vulgaris 



Chelidon urbica {Linn.) 



Hirundo rustica, L 



Troglodytes borealis, Fischer 

 Tardus mer ula, L 



iliacus, L. 



pilaris, L 



Euticilla tithys {Scop.) , 



Saxicola oenanthe {Linn.).... 



Motacilla alba, L 



Antbus pratensis 



Plectropbanes lapponica, L. 



nivalis, L 



jEgiothus linaria, L 



canescens, Gould 



Stumus vulgaris, L 



Corvus coras, L 



• cornix, L 



Lagopus islandorum, Faber. 



Iceland. 



Greenland, i JN'orth America. 



Common. 



Ratber rare. 



Very common. 



Problematical. 



Very common. 



Ratber rare. 



Rare. 



One specimen. 



Rare. 



Seen twice. 



Common. 



Doubtful. 

 Seen once. 

 Common. 



Very rare. 

 Very common. 

 Rare. 



Rare. 

 Common. 

 Rare. 

 Common. 



? Very rare. 

 Quite common. 

 Rare. 

 Very rare. 



Very common. 



Very common. 



Common. 



Rare. 



Not common. 



Very common. 

 Very rare. 



I Two specimens 

 1 killed. 



Common. 

 Two specimens. 

 One specimen. 

 Common. 

 Very common. 

 Common. 



One specimen. 



? 



Common. \ Common. 



I 



Rare. 



Very common. 

 Common. 



* [Printed "canadensis" in the original, but an obvious mistake. — Er.] 



