on Dr. Jerdon's ' Birds of India' 237 



identifies F. peregrinoides of Hodgson with F. peregrinus ! 

 Mr. Hodgson was of course familiar with the common Bhyri of 

 Indian falconry, and would therefore at once discriminate F. 

 habylonicus as a separate species. There is a fine specimen of an 

 adult female (as adjudged) of this rare Falcon in the Worcester 

 Museum, alleged to be from Java, which must needs be a mistake. 

 Its general colouring is very pallid; but I would refer the 

 species to the Peregrine subgroup, rather than to that of the 

 Sakir and Lanner. The specimen in the Worcester Museum is 

 like an adult female Peregrine, only much paler, with all the 

 markings considerably less developed; nape light cinnamon- 

 rufous marked with dusky ; the moustachial streak small ; the 

 feathers of the upper parts cross-banded as in adult Peregrines. 

 A recent communication from Dr. Jerdon proves that Falco haby- 

 lonicus is not uncommon in Kashmir {vide antea, p. 221). 



13 and 14. Hypotriorchis subbuteo and H. severus. 



The crepuscular habit of the birds of this division has now 

 been noticed in H. eleonone (Ibis, 1865, p. 333)*. H. severus f 

 bears just that relationship to H. subbuteo which Hirundo cahirica 

 bears to H. rustica, and H. hyperijthra (of Ceylon) to H. erythro- 

 pygia (Sykes, which is distinct from H. dawica). In all of these 

 cases the deeper-coloured bird is less migratory, or even per- 

 manently resident. The Rufous-bellied Hobby has not been 

 observed northward of the Himalaya, nor Hirundo hyperythra 

 out of Ceylon ; and while neither H. rustica nor H. rufula winters 

 in Palestine, Mr. Tristram remarks of H. cahirica that "a few 

 remain on the sea-coast and in the Ghor all winter ^^ (P. Z. S. 

 1864<, p. 443). Indeed, it would appear that he observed them 

 in considerable numbers during the winter months {' Land of 

 Israel/ pp. 105, 118). It may be added that i^a/cw /»e?-(?^rmfl/o;' 

 stands in the same relationship to F. peregrinus, and is likewise 

 a more subtropical species, with a comparatively limited range of 

 distribution. Compare also the African Tinnunculus rupicolus 



* For the distinctions between H. concolor (verus) and Lithofalco arde- 

 siacus, see MM. J. Verreaux and O. des Murs in Rev. Zool. 1862, p. 177. 



t [Mr. Gumey considers the nearest ally of H. severus to he //. cuvieri 

 (A. Smith) from Western and Southern Africa, with which he regards 

 Falco bosschii, Schlegel (N. T. D. vol. i. p. 123, pi. 5), as identical.— Ed.] 



