GOOSANDER 



339 



duck ; males bcini;" distins^uishablc b)' the presence, as in the adult, of 

 two distinct swellins^s on the windpipe, in place of one in females. 

 In the merganser drake there is only one such swelling, while the duck 

 has none. The duckling in down is dark wood-brown and sepia above, 

 and dirty white below, with a white patch behind the wing and on the 

 thigh, and a chestnut one on each side of the neck. 



Briefly, the distinctive characteristics of the adult drake are the 

 blackish-green head and upj^er ])art of neck and white under-parts ; and 



ROWLAND WARD STUDIOS 



GOOSANDER (MAI.F. AND FK.MALK) 



of the duck, the rufous head and upper half of the neck, the white chin, 

 and the grey back. 



The goosander is a much less exclusively northern bird than the 

 smew, as it nests in parts of central Europe, such as Mark Brandenburg, 

 as well as in Iceland, Finland, northern Russia, and thence eastwards 

 through Siberia to the Pacific, on the American side of which it is 

 represented by the closely allied Ulerganser americajius. In winter it 

 visits the coasts of the Mediterranean as well as western Europe 

 generally, and likewise the Black and Caspian Seas, China, and Japan. 

 The goosander inhabiting the southern districts of Central Asia and 

 the Himalaya (where it breeds), and migrating to India and Burma in 

 winter, has been regarded as a distinct species, on account of its slightly 

 shorter beak, the narrower black borders on the hind wing-quills of 



