(25) COLUMBA LIVIA INTERMEDIA (Strick.). 

 THE INDIAN BLUE ROCK-PIGEON. 



Columba oenas Jerdon, Madr. J.L.S., XII p. 14 ; Bingh., Sport. Rev. 1845, 

 pi. IV. 



Columba intermedia Strick., Ann. and Mag. N.N., XIII p. 39 (1844) ; Blyth, 

 J.A.S.B., XIV p. 861 ; Layard, Ann. and Mag. N.H., XIV p. 59 ; 

 Stoliczka, J. A.S.B., XXXVII 2nd pt. p. 66 ; id. ib., XLI 2nd pt. p. 248 ; 

 Jerdon, B.I., III p. 469 ; Hume, Str. Featli., I p. 217 ; Adam, ib., 

 p. 390 ; Ball, ib., II p. 425 ; id. ib.. Ill p. 208 ; Hume, Nests and 

 Eggs, III p. 499 ; Butler, Str. Featli., IV p. 3 ; Fairbank, ib., p. 262 ; 

 Blanf., E. Persia, II p. 268 ; Hume, Str. Feath., VI p. 419 ; Dav. and 

 Wen., ib., VII p. 86 ; Ball, ib., p. 224 ; Cripps, ib., p. 296 ; Hume, ib., 

 VIII p. 109 ; id.. Cat. no. 788 ; Legge, B. Cey., p. 608 ; Scully, Str. 

 Feath., VIII p. 339 ; Doig, ib., p. 371 ; Vidal, ib., IX p. 74 ; Biddulph, 

 ib., p. 357 ; Butler, ib. p. 419 ; Barnes, ib., p. 457 ; Reid, ib., p. 59 ; 

 Oates, B. Burma, II p. 288; Barnes, B. Bom., p. 289; Hume, Str. 

 Feath., XI p. 297 ; Oates, in Hume's Nests and Eggs, 2nd ed., II p. 344 ; 

 Salvadori, Cat. B.M., XXI p. 259; Sharpe, Hand-List, I p. 69; 

 Oates, Cat. Eggs B.M., I p. 87 ; Harington, B. Burma, p. 67 ; Barnes, 

 J.B.N.H.S., V p. 330 ; Davidson, ib., XII p. 62 ; Rattray, ib., p. 344 ; 

 Primrose, ib., XIII p. 708 ; Inglis, ib., XIV p. 561 ; Marshall, ib., 

 XV p. 352 ; Wall., ib., p. 722 ; BourdiUon, ib., XVI p. 2 ; Fulton, 

 ib., p. 60 ; Dewar, ib., p. 495 ; Martin Young, ib., p. 515 ; Nicol Cuming, 

 ib., p. 691 ; Macdonald, ib., XVII p. 496 ; Ward, ib., p. 943 ; Harington, 

 ib., XIX p. 309 ; Perreau, ib., p. 919 ; Whitehead, ib., XX p. 966 ; 

 Moss-King, ib., XXI p. 99 ; Whitehead, ib., p. 167. 



Columba livia (part) Blyth., Cat. B.M.A.S.B., p. 233 ; Blyth, B. Burma, 

 p. 145. 



Columba livia, var. cyanotus, Severtz, Str. Feath., Ill p. 430. 



Vernacular Names. Kabutar, Hin. ; Pdraivd, Mahr. ; Gudi pourai, 

 Tel. ; Koviljmra, Tamil ; Mada-praa, Tarn. Ceylon ; Kabtretar, Behari ; Noni 

 Daotu, Cachari ; Kontioram, Pushtu ; Kho, Burmese ; Kapoth, Baluchi ; 

 Kaftar, Persian. 



Description. — Adult male. Similar to the last bird, but, typically, the 

 colour of the plumage generally is darker than it is in true livia, and the lower- 

 back is concolorous with, or only very little paler than, the upper, though 

 contrasting with the still darker rump ; the primaries and outer secondaries 

 are also darker, and have the grey on the inner webs less pale and less in 

 extent, and the grey on the inner quills less well defined. 



Colours of soft parts. Irides orange-yellow to orange-red ; bill black, 

 the cere livid-grey or whitish, and the base of the lower mandible paler ; 

 eyelids livid-white, or greyish-white ; legs generally a deep crimson-red, 

 sometimes paler and sometimes a rather light coral-red, the soles paler and 

 the claws homy. 



