(40) STREPTOPELIA TURTUR FERRAGO (Eversm.). 

 THE INDIAN TURTLE-DOVE. 



Oolumba meena. ^ Sykes, P.Z.S. 1832, p. 149. 



Turtur auritus Vigne (nee Auct.), P.Z.S. 1841, p. 6. 



Columba ferrago Eversm., Add. ad Zoogr. Rosso-As., fasc. ni p. 17 (1842). 



Columba pulcrata Hodg., in Gray's Zool. Misc., p. 85 (1844). 



Columba orientalis Layard (nee Lath.), Ann. Mag. N.H. (?), XIV p. 62. 



Turtur ferrago Wardl. Ramsay, Ibis 1880, p. 68; Salvadori, Cat. B.M., XXI 

 p. 401 ; Blanf., Avi. Brit. I., IV p. 41 ; Sharpe, Hand-List, I p. 78 : 

 Gates, Cat. Eggs, B.M. I p. 95 ; Wilson, J.B.N.H.S. XII p. 639 ; Inglis, 

 lb., XIV p. 562 ; Foulton, ib., XVI p. 60 ; Inglis, ib., p. 73 ; Rattray, 

 ib., p. 663 ; Ward, ib., XVII p. 943 ; Magrath, ib.. XVIII p. 298 ; id 

 ib., XIX p. 155; Perreau, ib., p. 919; Whitehead, ib., XX p. 967; 

 id. ib., XXI p. 161. 



Turtur vitticollis Hume, Lath, to Yark., p. 274. 



Turtur ptdchrata Hume, Nests and Eggs, p. 500 ; Butler and Hume, Str. 

 Feath., IV p. 3 ; Hume, ib., VI p. 421 ; Butler, ib., IX p. 420 ; Reid, 

 ib., X p. 60 ; Davidson, ib., p. 315 ; Davison, ib.. p. 407 ; Barnes, B. 

 Bom., p. 290. 



Turtur jmlchratus Hume, Str. Feath., VIII p. 110 ; id., Cat. no. 792 ; Legge, 

 B. Cey., p. 711 ; Barnes and Davidson, J.B.N.H.S., V p. 330. 



Turtur pulchrala Gates, in Hume's Nests and Eggs, 2nd ed., II p. 349. 



Vernacular Names. Koin, Chamba ; Hulagud, Mahr. ; Powari, Marie 

 Gond. ; Kullah, Behari ; Lai Punduk, Hin. ; Pahari Perki, Lucknow ; Ram 

 Gkaghu, Bengali ; Lali Kopu-ku, Assamese ; Hagrani Daotu, Cachari. 



Description- — Adult male. Similar to Streptopelia turtur orientalis, but 

 differs in being still paler below ; the chin and centre of the throat are albes- 

 cent, the whole of the abdomen from the breast downwards is white or nearly 

 so. the under-tail coverts are white and the tip of the tail and edge of the 

 outer- web of the outermost feather are either pure white or very pale-grey ; 

 the under wing-coverts and flanks are a paler, purer grey also than in either 

 Sykes's or the Rufous Turtle-Dove. 



Dimensions. About 13.5 in. ( = 343 mm.) ; wing 6.65 in. ( = 169 mm.) 

 to 7.85 in. ( = 199.4 mm.), average about 7.50 in. ( = 190.5 mm.) ; tail 5 in. 

 ( = 127 mm.) to 5.75 in. ( = 146 mm.) ; bill at front about .65 in. ( = 16.5 

 mm.), and from gape about .95 in. ( = 24.1 mm.) ; tarsus .85 in. ( = 21.6 mm.). 



Colours of soft parts. Bill dusky-horny, reddish on base and on cere, and 

 quite a purple on the latter in some cases ; irides bright cinnamon-brown, 

 orange, reddish-orange or golden-yellow ; feet dull red, lake-red, or reddish- 

 purple, the soles paler and the claws blackish-homy. 



The female does not differ from the male in coloration or size or in the 

 colour of the soft parts. 



