(44) STREPTOPELIA RISORIA RISORIA (Linn.). 

 THE INDIAN RING-DOVE. 



Turtur indicm Aldrovandus, p. 510 (1637). 



Columba risoria Linn., Syst. Nat., I p. 285 (1766). 



Turtur douraca Hodg., in Gray's ZooL Misc., p. 85 (1844) (descr. nulla); 

 Salvadori, Cat. B.M., XXI p. 430 ; Newman, Avi. Mag. 1896, p. 321. 



Turtur risorius Strick., Ann. and Mag. N.H., XIII p. 38 ; BIyth, J.A.S.B., 

 XIV p. 870 ; id.. Cat. B.M.A.S.B., p. 235 ; id., J.A.S.B., XXIV p. 261 ; 

 Jerdon, B.I., III p. 481 ; Stoliczka, J.A.S.B., XXXVII pt. 2, p. 67 ; id. 

 lb., LXI pt. 2, p. 248 ; Godw-Aus., ib., XXXIX pt. 2, 272 ; Hume, 

 Str. Feath., I p. 218 ; Adam, ib., p. 390 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, p. 506 ; 

 Blanf., E. Persia, II p. 270 ; Butler, Str. Feath., IV p. 3 ; Fairbank, 

 ib., p. 462 ; id. ib., V p. 409 ; Butler, ib., VII p. 171 ; Ball, ib., p. 224 ; 

 Cripps, ib., p. 297 ; Hume, ib., VIII p. 110 ; id.. Cat. no. 796 ; Vidal, 

 Str. Feath., VIII p. 173 ; Scully, ib., p. 342 ; Vidal, ib., IX p. 75 ; 

 Butler, ib., p. 420 ; Barnes, ib., p. 458 ; Legge, B. Cey., p. 702 ; Reid, 

 Str. Feath., X p. 60 ; Davison, ib., p. 408 ; Gates, in Hume's Nests and 

 Eggs, 2nd ed., II p. 357 ; Barnes, B. Bom., p. 291 ; Hume, Str. Feath., 

 XI p. 299 ; Aitken, Com. B. Bom., p. 152 ; Dewar, Birds of the Plains, 

 p. 124 ; Blanf., Avi. Brit. I., IV p. 46 ; Barnes, J.B.N.H.S., V p. 332 ; 

 Stuart Baker, ib., X p. 360 ; Inglis, ib., XI p. 474 ; Wilson, ib., XII 

 p. 639 ; Inglis, ib., XIV p. 562 ; Marshall, ib., XV p. 353 ; Bourdillon, 

 ib., XVI p. 3 ; Fulton, ib., p. 60 ; Dewar, ib., p. 495 ; Nicol Gumming, 

 ib., p. 691 ; Ward, ib., XVII p. 943 ; Perreau, ib., XIX p. 919 ; White- 

 head, ib., XX p. 967 ; Moss-King, ib., XXI p. 100 ; Whitehead, ib., 

 p. 168; D'Abreu, ib., p. 1167. 



Turtur stoliczkae Hume, Str. Feath., 11 p. 519 ; id. ib., Ill pp. 217 and 415 ; 

 Scully, ib., IV p. 178 ; Sharpe, Yarkand Misc. Av., p. 117. 



Streptopelia dourica Sharpe, Hand-List, I p. 79 ; Gates, Cat. Eggs B.M., 

 I p. 96. 



Vernacular Names. Dhor fakhta, Perlci, Punduk, Ghigi, Hin. ; Daola or 

 Doula, Hin. Behar ; Kalthak, Kakalaki, Pankghugu, Bengali ; Pitha hola, 

 Mahr. ; Pedda-bella guwa, Tel. ; Cally-praa, Tamil, Ceylon ; Daotu gophu, 

 Cachari ; Jungle Kapoth, Biluchi ; Pakktah, Turki. 



Description. — Adult male. Whole head and neck lilac-grey, the throat 

 paler and the chin sometimes albescent ; in some birds the fore-head is paler 

 than the crown, as are also the sides of the head ; a narrow collar of white 

 succeeded by a broader one of black, a few of these latter feathers being very 

 narrowly edged with white, forming a third very narrow and indefinite band, 

 which extends with the others to form a nuchal collar about two-thirds 

 round the neck ; upper-parts from shoulders to tail and including inner wing- 

 coverts pale brown, varying from fa\^'n-brown to pale earthy according to 

 state of plumage. Central tail-feathers pale brown, but often more or less 



