(46) OENOPOPELIA TRANQUEBARICA TRANQUEBARICA (Herm.). 

 THE INDIAN RED TURTLE-DOVE. 



Columba tranquebarica Herm., Obs. Zool., p. 200 (1804). 



Columba humilis Step, (nee Temm.), Gen. Zool., XIV p. 280 (1826). 



Oena murwensis Hodg., in Gray's Zool. Misc., p. 85 (1844). 



Turtur humilis Blyth, J.A.S.B., XIV p. 872 ; id.. Cat. M.B.A.S.B. p. 236 ; 

 id., J.A.S.B., XXIV p. 261 ; Jerdon, B.I., HI p. 482 (part) ; Hume, 

 Str. Feath., I p. 218 ; Butler, id., II p. 424 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, 

 ni p. 507; Butler and Hume, Str. Feath., IV p. 3 ; Fairbank, ib., 

 p. 262. 



Streptopelia humilis Bp., Con. Av., II p. 66. 



Turtur tranquebarica Wald., Trans. Z.S., IX p. 219 ; Hume, Str. Feath., IV 

 p. 292 ; Davidson and Wen., ib., VII p. 86 ; Ball, ib., p. 224 ; Cripps, ib., 

 p. 297; Hume, ib., VIII p. 110; Scully, ib., p. 342; Doig, ib., p. 371 ; 

 Hume, Cat. no. 797 ; Legge, B. Cey., p. 708 ; Vidal, Str. Feath., IX p. 75 ; 

 Butler, ib., p. 421 ; Reid, ib., X p. 61 ; Barnes, B. Bom., p. 292 ; Gates, 

 in Hume's Nests and Eggs, 2nd ed., p. 359 ; Salvadori, Cat. B.M., XXI 

 p. 437; Barnes, J.B.N.H.S., I p. 55 ; id. ib., V p. 332; Stuart Baker, 

 ib., X p. 360 ; Rattray, ib., XII p. 345 ; Inglis, ib., XIV p. 562. 



Turtur humilior Hume, R.A.S.B. 1874, p. 241 ; id., Str. Feath., IV p. 279 ; 

 id. ib., IV p. 292. 



Oenopopelia tranquebarica Blanf., Avi. Brit. I., IV p. 47 (part) ; Inglis, 

 J.B.H.N.S., XIV p. 562; Ward, ib., XVII p. 943; Whitehead, ib., 

 XX p. 967; Moss-King, ib., XXI p. 100; Whitehead, ib., p. 168; 

 D'Abreu, ib., p. 1167; Gates, Cat. Eggs B.M., I p. 97. 



Onopopelia tranquebarica Sharpe, Hand-List, I p. 79. 



Vernacular Names. Seroti fakhta, Ghirwi fakhta, Bilci, Hin. ; Oolabi 

 ghugu, Ithuiya ghugu, Tuma khuri, Bengali ; Itoo-ah, Behari ; Rak-guwa, Peri- 

 aripu guwa, Tel. ; Powari, Marie Gond. 



Description. — Adult male. Upper part of head and neck dark ashy- 

 grey, the fore-head and lores sometimes, and the sides of the head invariably, 

 rather pale ; a black collar across the sides and back of neck, a few birds 

 also showing the faintest indications of grey fringes to the lowest feathers ; 

 back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and innermost secondaries on visible portions 

 vinous red, tinged with brick-red everywhere except, sometimes, on the 

 back and scapulars ; lower-back, rump, and upper tail-coverts dark slaty- 

 grey ; central tail-feathers light greyish-brown, the amount of grey varying 

 in different individuals, succeeding two pairs dark grey at the base, pale 

 grey on the terminal third, remaining three pairs dark slate-black on the 

 basal two-thirds, white on the terminal third, and white also on the outer 

 web of the outermost pair; primary-coverts and edge of wing greyish- 

 black, quills blackish-brown very narrowly edged with whitish. Below, chin 



