101 



ORDER STEGANOPODES. 



Hallux united to the other toes by a web ; nasals holorhinal ; palate 

 desmognathous. 



FAMILY— PHALACROCORACID^]. 



Tail rounded or cuneate. Webs between toes not emarginate, or only 

 slightly so. Bill subcylindrieal and hooked at the extremity, or 

 elongate and pointed ; nostrils nearly obsolete. 



Sub-family — Phalacrocoracin.<e. 



Bill subcylindrieal, and strongly hooked at the extremity ; cutting edges 

 of mandibles entire. 



Genus — PHALACROCORAX. — A long, narrow groove on each side of bill, 

 dividing at nail ; cutting edges of mandibles entire. A gular pouch, 

 naked anteriorly. Neck long and sinuous. Quills stiff. Tail 

 wedge-shaped or rounded. Middle toe has pectinated claw. 



724. P. car bo, Linn. (Graculus novse-hollandise, Steph. ; P. novae- 



hollandia3, Steph.), Black Cormorant. 



Colour of plumage black, glossed with dull green ; a large white 

 patch on flanks ; wing coverts and scapulars bronze-brown, margined 

 with dark steel-blue ; feathers bordering the naked throat pure 

 white. Winter plumage lacks the white markings of flanks. 



Total length, about 35 in. 

 Hab. : 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9. 



725. P. SlllcirOStriS, Brandt (Graculus stictocephalus, Bparte. ; 



P. stictocephalus, Bparte), Little Black Cormorant. 



Plumage brownish-black, with a dull oily-green colour ; some 

 white plumules scattered upon the neck and upon each side of the 

 head above the eye ; back and scapulars with ash middles, each 

 feather margined by black band. 



Total length, about 25 in. 

 Hab. : 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9. 



726. P. goilldi, Salvad. (Graculus leucogaster, Reich. ; P. leucogaster, 



Gld.), White-breasted Cormorant. 



Crown, upper surface, and flanks black, glossed with dull steel- 

 blue ; sides of the head, chin, and under parts white ; naked skin 

 at base of bill and round eye purple ; scapulars bronze green, with 

 very narrow steel-blue margins ; below commissure of bill is white. 



Culmen, I '8 to 2 in. 



Hab. : 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9. 



727. P. hypoleuCUS, Brandt (Graculus varius, Finch ; P. varius, Gld.), 



Pied Cormorant. 



(P. varius, Gmelin, is a Xew Zealand bird.) 



Similar to P. gouldi, culmen longer, 2 '7 in. ; no feathers below the 

 commissure of the bill ; bare space in front of eye bright orange ; 

 eyelid and naked skin below the eye indigo-blue. 

 Hab. : 3, 4, 6, 9. 



728. P. melailolCUCUS, Vieill. (Graculus melanoleucus), Little Cor- 



morant. 



Crown, back of neck, and upper surface shining black ; under tail 

 coverts and vent brownish -black ; all under surface white, including 

 chin and throat ; lateral manes. 



Breeding plumage has some white feathers on head and neck. 



Total length, 23 in. ; culmen, 1 2 in. 

 Hab. : 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9. 



13 



