CONTENTS. xiii 



as Instances of Nomadic Migration — The Pine Gros- 

 beak and the Shore Lark — Snow Buntings — Arctic 

 Grouse — Ducks and Gulls — Nomadic Migration in 

 Antarctic Regions — What Nomadic Migration teaches 

 — Birds of Short Migration Flight most closely allied 

 to Nomadic Migrants — Claim of Nomadic Migrants 

 to Generic Rank — Absence of Representative Forms 

 of Nomadic Migrants in the Southern Hemisphere — 

 Geographical Distribution of the Shore Larks ... 158 



CHAPTER VHL 



THE PERILS OF MIGRATION. 



Mortality amongst Migrants — Dangers of Migration- 

 Fatigue of Migration Flight — Birds at Sea — Arrival of 

 Exhausted Migrants — Effects of Sudden Gales and 

 Storms — Choice of Sea Routes — Enemies of Migrants 

 — Attraction of Lighthouses and Light-vessels — Influ- 

 ence of Fog-horns on Migrants — Migration Streams 

 visiting Lights — Telegraph-wires and Migrants — - 

 Mortality amongst Woodcocks — Instances of Striking 

 Force of Migrants — Migrants losing their Way — In- 

 stances of Abnormal Migration in British Islands — 

 Instances in other Countries — Abnormal Migration at 

 Heligoland — Gatke's Die Vogehuarte Helgoland — 

 Heligoland compared with British Islands — Compar- 

 ative Table of Abnormal Migrants — Coincidence of 

 Route of Abnormal Migrants — Effects of High Rate 

 of Mortality among Migrants ... ... ... 1 68 



CHAPTER IX. 



THE DESTINATIONS OF THE MIGRANTS. 



The great Summer Quarters of Migratory Birds — Limits 

 of Pal^arctic and Nearctic Regions — Their com- 



