INTERNAL MIGRATIONS. 145 



Southern Hemisphere migration, with what istakino- 

 place in the Northern Hemisphere. In the first 

 place, we must not lose sight of the important fact 

 that no non-glaciated land area of any great extent 

 now exists beyond, say south lat. c^^\ which 

 contracts the zone of southern breedina-grounds 

 to a latitude corresponding with that of Edinburgh 

 and the Baltic in the Northern Hemisphere. It 

 may be laid down as a pretty general rule, that birds 

 breeding up to the limits of the temperate zone in 

 the Northern Hemisphere, and wintering below the 

 Equator, are few, and principally birds that visit the 

 most northerly portion of that zone, especially 

 Waders. On the other hand, the birds breeding 

 in the Southern Hemisphere and wintering above 

 the Equator are very few (so far as is at present 

 known), because the south temperate zone does 

 not extend far enough south. It is, however, a 

 profoundly interesting fact that in South America 

 and Australia, where this zone extends the furthest 

 south, we find, as we should expect to find, the 

 most northern Migration Flights, some few species 

 being known to come up north to Brazil and 

 New Guinea. The Patagonian Plover {Charadrius 

 falklandicus) visits the Falkland Islands and South 

 Patagonia in September and October to breed, and 

 IS known to migrate at least a couple of thousand 

 miles north during the antipodean winter, which is 

 just as important a flight as that of the Kentish 

 Plover {yEgialophilus cantianus) from England to 

 North Africa. The Falkland Dotterel {Eudromias 



