DESTINATIONS OF THE MIGRANTS 191 



them may be mentioned the Ring Ouzel {Merula 

 torquata) and the Kestrel {Falco tinnunculus) ; but 

 those that winter from South Europe to the Soudan 

 and the Equator number a great many species, such 

 as the Whinchat {Pratincola rubetra), the Grass- 

 hopper 'Warbler {Locustella locustella), the Willow 

 Wren {Phylloscopus trochilus), and the Tree Pipit 

 {Antfius arboreus); whilst those that winter exclu- 

 sively south of Europe are even more considerable. 

 Among them may be included the Redstart {Riui^ 

 cilia pli(mkurus), the Pied Flycatcher {Muscicapa 

 atrkapilla), and the Marsh Warbler {Acrocephalus 

 palustris). The birds journeying exclusively to the 

 southern zone are comparatively few, and include 

 such species as the Swallow {Hirundo rustica), 

 the Red-backed Shrike {Lanius collurio), and the 

 Cuckoo {Cuculus canorus). The birds whose winter 

 range extends through all these zones are few, 

 among them being the Quail {Coturnix communis^ 

 the Common Sandpiper {Totanus hijpoleuciis) , the 

 Kentish Plover {jEgialophilus cantianus), and the 

 Land Rail {Crex pratensh). Some of these birds 

 even winter as far north as the British Islands, and 

 as far south as the Cape of Good Hope ! Whether 

 this apparently anomalous fact has any connection 

 with the Neutral Zone of migrants alluded to in 

 a previous chapter remains to be discovered. 



In the East Pala-arctic region much the same 

 state of things will be found ; but owing to the 

 influence of the Gulf Stream, the winter zone of 

 aquatic birds extends much further north in the 



