7$ Lloyd's natural history. 



PUdrophanes lapponicus, Dresser, B. Eur., iv., p. 223, pi. 253 



(1872); Newt. ed. Yarr., ii., p. 15 (1876). 

 Calcarius lapponicus, 13. O. U. List Br. B., p. 62 (1S83); 



Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xii., p. 579 (1SS8); Saunders, 



Man., p. 213 (1889). 

 Emberiza lapponica, Seeb., Br. B., ii., p. 131 (1SS4); Lilford, 



Col. Fig. Br. B., pt. xvii. (1891). 



Adult Male. — Above black, streaked with rufous or white; 

 win- feathers blackish, edged with whitish or pale rufous; 

 tail-feathers the same, the outer one white, with a brown mark 

 near the end of the outer web, the inner web also dusky near 

 the base; crown y sides of face, and throat black, with a broad 

 collar of chestnut round the hind-neck and on the sides of the 

 neck ; a creamy-buff eyebrow, and a broad line of white from 

 the eyebrow down the sides of the neck to the sides of the 

 breast, forming a patch on the latter ; under surface of body 

 creamy-white, with black stripes on the flanks ; bill dull yel- 

 low, dusky at the tip ; feet brownish-black ; iris dark brown. 

 Total length, 6 inches; oilmen, 0-4; wing, 3-5; tail, 2-35; 

 tarsus, 075. 



Adult Female. — Differs from the male in wanting the black 

 head and rufous collar on the neck. Total length, 5 inches ; 

 wing, 3-5. 



In winter the entire plumage is obscured by sandy-rufous 

 edges to the feathers, and the young birds which visit this 

 country as a rule are in winter dress, and resemble the winter 

 plumage of the old ones, but the general tone of the plumage 

 is more buff, with the white patch on the sides of the neck 

 visible, and the eyebrow also plainly marked. 



Eange in Great Britain. — An occasional visitor in autumn and 

 winter, some fifty occurrences hiving now been recorded. 

 These are principally from England ; as for Scotland only 

 two records have been noted, and for Ireland only one. 



Range outside the British Islands. — Breeds in the high north of 



both hemispheres, being very common in the tundras or barren 



grounds of Siberia and North America. It likewise nests on 



mountain ranges of Norway, such as the Dovrefjeld. 



In winter it migrates south, and has been procured in nearly 



