io6 Lloyd's natural history. 



marked spots, the principal ones being reddish- or purplish- 

 brown, and the underlying markings purplish-grey. Axis, 075 

 -0-9 inch ; diam., o*6o- - 65. 



II. THE MEADOW-PIPIT. ANTHUS TRATLNSIS. 



Alauda pralensts t Linn., S. N., i., p. 2S7 (1766). 



Anthus pratensis, Macg., Br. 13., ii., p. 181 (1839); Newt. cd. 

 Yarr., p. 575 (1874); Dresser, B. Eur., iii., p. 285, pi. 

 132(1874); B. O. U. List Br. B., p. 32 (1883) ; Seeb., Br. 

 B., ii., p. 224 (1884) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., x., p. 580 

 (1885); Lilford, Col. Fig. Br. B., pt. ix. (1888) ; Saunders, 

 Man., p. 125 (1SS9); Wyatt, Br. B., ix., fig. 1 (1894). 



Adult Male in Breeding Plumage. — Olive-brown above, with 

 blackish centres to the feathers, those on the mantle with 

 whitish margins ; rump uniform ; eyelid and eyebrow pale 

 sandy-buff; throat uniform tawny-buff, as also the breast, 

 which is thickly streaked with black triangular spots, which 

 become narrower on the lower breast ; flanks washed with 

 olive and broadly streaked with black ; abdomen, vent, 

 and under tail-coverts isabelline white; axillaries smoky- 

 brown, washed with olive-yellow ; upper wing-coverts with con- 

 spicuous margins of dull white ; quills externally olive ; light 

 pattern of outer tail-feathers white. Total length, 575 inches; 

 oilmen, 0-5; wing, 3-15; tail, 2-45; tarsus, 0-85. 



Adult Female. — Similar to the male, but smaller and less 

 strongly spotted below. Total length, 6 inches; wing, 2-95. 



Autumn and Winter Plumage. — More decidedly olive-brown in 

 colour, the black spots on the under surface strongly marked 

 and the olive-yellow on the axillaries very plain. 



Young, — Like the adults, but more dingy, less olive, and the 

 black streaks on the upper surface broader ; a distinct mous- 

 tachial streak of black, as well as two more stripes on the sides 

 of the throat. 



\, ,11. The Meadow-Pipit is known by its small sire, and nearly straight 

 hind claw, which is Longer than the hind toe itself. 



Range in Great Britain. — Universally distributed, frequenting 

 the uplands as well as the lowlands in summer, but occurring 



