310 Lloyd's natural history. 



at once how similar they are in appearance and situation to 

 that of a large Wren's nest, and there are other Wren-like 

 characters to be observed in the Dippers. Not only do the 

 short and rounded wings proclaim the affinity of the two 

 families, but the absence of rictal bristles also serves to unite 

 them. The Dippers are found in the mountains of Europe, 

 Asia, and North America. They also occur in Central 

 America and extend down the Andes from the United Slates 

 of Columbia to Peru and Tucuman. 



THE DIPPERS OR WATER-OUZELS. GENUS CINCLUS. 



Cinclus, Bechst, Orn. Taschenb., i., p. 206 (1802). 



Type, C. cinclus (Linn.). 



As there is but a single genus Cinclus, the remarks made 

 above under the heading of the family, refer equally lo the 

 genus. 



I. THE DIPRER. CINCLUS AQUATICUS. 



Cinclus europicus, Macg., Br. B., ii., p. 50 (1839). 

 Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst.; Newt. ed. Yarr., i., p. 241 (1872) ; 

 Dresser, B. Eur., ii., p. 167, pi. xix. (1874) ; Sharpe, Cat. 

 B. Brit. Mus., vi., p. 307 (1SS1) ; B. O. U. List Br. B., p. 

 23 (1SS3); Seeb., Hist. Brit. B., i., p. 253 (18SS); Lil- 

 ford, Col. Eig. Brit. B., pt. xi., (1S89) ; Saunders, Man., 

 p. 89 (1S89) j Wyatt, Br. B., pi. v. (1894). 

 (Plate XXVI.) 

 Adult Male. — General colour above dark grey, all the feathers 

 edged with black ; wing-coverts and quills blackish-brown, with 

 grey margins, the secondaries more broadly edged ; tail- 

 feathers dark brown ; crown of head, hind-neck, and sides of 

 neck, sides of face and ear-coverts, clear chocolate-brown ; 

 cheeks, throat, fore-neck, and chest, pure white ; above and 

 below the eye a spot of white ; breast and remainder of under 

 surface of body deep rufous, shading off into slaty-brown on 

 the sides of the body ; abdomen, thighs, vent, and under tail- 

 coverts, blackish, the latter tipped with rufous ; under wing- 

 ■ ts dark brown, washed with slaty-grey, the axillaries tipped 

 with white; quills dark brown below, ashy-fulvous along the 

 inner web \ bill black ; feet bluish-grey, tinged with brown ; 



