33° LLOYDS NATUR.V HISTORY. 



Clivicola curopca, T. Forstcr, Syn. Cat. Brit. B., p. 5S (1817). 

 Cotile riparia, B. O. U. List Br. B., p. 44 (1883); Sharpe, Cat. 



B. Brit. Mas., x., p. 96 (1885); Saunders, Man., p. 159 



(18S9). 

 Cotyle riparia, Dresser, B. Eur., iii., p. 505, pi. 163 (1874); 



Newton, ed. Yarr., ii., p. 355 (18S0); Lilford, Col. Fig. 



Brit. B., part iii. (18S6). 



Adult Male. — Brown above, including the wings and tail ; 

 sides of face also brown ; cheeks and under surface of body 

 pure white, with a broad collar of dark brown feathe s across 

 the fore-neck ; sides of body also washed with brown ; under 

 wing-coverts and axillaries dark brown ; bill blackish-brown ; 

 feet dark brown ; iris hazel. Total length, 48 inches ; oilmen, 

 0-3 ; wing, 4-25 ; tail, 21 j tarsus, 0-45. 



Adult Female. — Similar in plumage to the male. Total length, 

 5 inches ; wing, 4-2. 



Young. — Like the adults, but readily distinguished by sandy- 

 rufous or whitish edgings to the feathers of the back and 

 wings ; throat slightly tinged with pale rufous. 



Range in Great Britain. — Occurs everywhere throughout the 

 three kingdoms in suitable localities, and breeds. 



Kange outside the British Islands. — Breeds everywhere through- 

 out Europe, up to the highest point of Scandinavia, but in 

 lessening numbers in the north. It occurs commonly in 

 summer at Archangel, was met with by Messrs. Seebohm 

 and I lame-Brown on the Petchora river, and is found 

 in the Urals up to 50 N. lat. Elsewhere in Europe and 

 Northern Asia it is a breeding bird, and extends right across to 

 Eastern Siberia. It is also distributed over the greater part of 

 North America during the breeding season, wintering in Cen- 

 tral and South America, and in the Old World it winters in 

 Burma and in India, and has been found in various localities 

 in Africa at the same season. 



Habits. — Arrives in England in April, and leaves in September, 

 seldom staying as late as October. Its nesting is conducted in 

 a different manner from that of the other two British Swallows, 

 tor the Sand Martin burrows in a hole in a bank, and makes its. 



