I. THE DERMAL MUSCLES. 



I. TRUE DEKMAL MUSCLES. 2. DERMO-OSSEOUS MUSCLES. 



1. The dermo-frontalis. 2. The circumconcha. 



4. The dermo-dorsalis. 3. The dermo-temporalis. 



6. The dermo-tensor patagii. 5. The platysma myoides. 



12. The dermo-humeralis. 7. The dermo-cleido dorsalis. 



13. The dermo-iDectoralis. 8. The cleido-trachealis. 



9. The dermo-spinalis. 



10. The dermo-iliacvis. 



11. The dermo-iilnaris. 



1. The derm,o- frontalis} — Carry an incision through 

 the skin down to the bone, on the superior aspect of the 

 head, parallel and close to the base of the upper mandi- 

 ble, extending completely across. Next, from the outer 



^ Selenka, in his classical work devoted to the anatomy of birds 

 (Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, Sechster Band. 

 IV. Abth., Vogel : Aves. 3 u. 4 Lieferung et seq.), touches but lightly 

 upon the dermal system of muscles in the Class ; while even those 

 subsequent writers, Fiirbringer and Gadow, in their well-nigh ex- 

 haustive memoirs in the same field, have by no means given us a 

 complete history of this part of the myological system in Aves 

 (Bronn's Klassen, vi. Band, 7-22 Lipferung). Such being the case, I 

 find but few authors with whom I can compare notes, bibliographical 

 or otherwise, upon the thirteen muscles described above as considered 

 by me as belonging to the dermal system in Corvus. And I submit 

 them for the most pai't as they were found to exist in the Raven, 



B 2 



