THE DERMAL MUSCLES. 5 



sides towards it. As we detach the thickened portion 

 just referred to, it will be found that it contains a dermal 

 circular muscle, closely attached to the skin, but arising 

 in an evident bundle of muscular fibres which have their 

 origin at the outer terminus of the supraoccipital crest 

 (Fig. 7, cc). The ear-conch is further supjDorted by 

 two ligaments, attached at anterior and superior points. 

 3. The dermo-temporalis. — Extend the longitudinal 

 incision down the back of the neck to a point between 

 the clavicular heads, carrying it just through the skin, and 

 a few millimetres to the left of the median line. Care- 

 fully reflect back the entire flaj^, removing the skin from 

 the throat and the anterior portion of the chest ; and 

 the alar and parapatagial duplicatures of the skin are also 

 to be laid open. A number of dermal muscles are now 

 exposed. One of the most important of these is the 

 dermo-temporalis. On either side it is found to arise 

 by a broad tendinous attachment from a small depres- 

 sion just above and anterior to the temporal fossa. The 

 lower end of this attachmcDt extends down over the 

 sphenotic process, being but slightly wdder than it above. 

 From this origin the fibres of the muscle pass directly 

 backwards as a rather broad flat bundle, and make some 

 slight tendinous attachments with the temporal, which it 

 covers. Once clear of the skull, this muscle, as a rather 

 broad and thinnish band of delicate fibres, and intimately 

 connected with the skin, passes directly down the side of 

 the neck, being separated dorsad by quite an interval 

 from the fellow of the opposite side, while anteriorly its 

 margin tends to blend with the fibres of the cleido- 

 trachealis ; indeed a few of its fibres may run in to join 

 this muscular fasciculus. Opposite the shoulder-joint in 

 front the lower ends of the muscular fibres of the dermo- 

 temporalis are lost upon the skin, or blend with the 



