78 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



as though they were continuous, or a prolongation of 

 the same oblique line ; this is indicated by the shading 

 across the belly of the pectoralis tertius in Fig. 27. In 

 very muscular subjects, however, this muscle does not 

 terminate at this line, but very delicate fibres pass 

 beneath the fascia so as to cover an area of oriixin as 

 indicated for the pectoralis tertius in Figs. 24 and 25, 

 where its full extent or limit is shown for a very power- 

 fully-developed, old muscular male bird.^ 



DORSAL MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY. 



Several of the muscles to be described under this head 

 are generally spoken of by anthropotomists as " nmscles 



1 In certain birds there is a small muscle in the axillary region, 

 which I have failed to discover in a Raven, and its place seems to 

 be in some ways replaced by the dermo-ulnaris muscle. Mr. Garrod 

 describes it in the following words for Cltauna ; he says the 

 ^^ Expansor secundariorum is the name which it is my habit to 

 employ for a very small and peculiar triangular muscle arising from 

 the quills of the last few (generally two or three) secondary 

 remiges at the elbow. Its remarkably long and slender tendon, 

 which frequently traverses a fibrous pulley on the axillary mai-gin 

 of the teres muscle, runs up the arm side by side with the axillary 

 vessels and nerves to be inserted in the thorax, into the middle 

 of a tendon which runs from the inner side of the middle of 

 the scapular element of the scapulo-coracoid articulation to near 

 the middle of the thoracic border of the sterno-coracoid articulation, 

 at right angles to it when the fore-limb is extended. This arrange- 

 ment being found very well diiferentiated in the Storks may, for 

 the sake of convenience, be termed Ciconine " (see Collected 

 Scientific Memoirs, 1881, p. 32.3, and plate showing this muscle 

 in Chauna, No 16, where it is marked e.s. ; or the same plate in the 

 P.Z 8. of 1876, No. xiv.). The author has as yet never examined 

 any of our American Herodiones for this muscle. 



Since writing this footnote, nearly three years ago, my oppor- 



