80 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



origin or insertion upon any of the bones of the arm, or 

 tlie shoulder-girdle, as muscles of the upper extremity. 

 For we cannot clear the subject of this part of its 

 anatomy until these are disposed of, and described. 



52. The latissimus dorsi. 60. The subcLivius. ' 



53. The trapezius. 61. The coraco brachialis. 



54. The rhomboideus. 62. The teres minor. 



55. The coraco-humeralis. 63. The levator scapulte. 



56. The scapulo-humeralis. 64. The thoraco-scapularis. 



57. The supraspinatus. 65. Tlie subscapuhiris. 



58. The teres et infraspinatus. 66. The serratus parvus anticns. 



59. The serratus magnus anticus. 



ing way. He says, ' Every student of human anatomy must have 

 experienced a certain amount of curiosity when he dissected for the 

 first time the plantaris muscle ; this strange structure sinks into in- 

 significance when compared with the celebrated ambiens of the bird's 

 leg, or the tendon of the femoro-caudal in the Lacertilia. Of all 

 strange muscles, the one known as the expansor secundariorum 

 (Garrod) in the bird's wing, stands pre-eminent. It is a small 

 triangular muscle, arising from the quills of the last few secondary 

 remiges at the elbow. Its remarkably long and slender tendon, 

 which fiequently traverses a fibrous pulley on the axillary margin 

 of the teres muscle, runs up the arm side by side with the axillary 

 vessels and nerves, to be inserted in the thorax into the middle of a 

 tendon, which runs from the inner side of the middle of the scapular 

 element of the scapulo-cox'acoid articulation, to near the thoracic 

 border of the sterno-coracoid articulation, at right angles to it when 

 the fore-limb is extended. 



" ' In the ducks and geese, among the Anseres, the tendons under 

 consideration, when they enter the thorax, run towards one another 

 and join (after having expanded out), in the middle line in front of 

 the oesophagus, and behind the trachea. 



" ' My investigations into the morphology of this tendon induce me 

 to believe that it is the representative in the bird's wing of the 

 coraco-brachialis longus of mammals, and the long brachial ligament 

 of man ' {Ligaments, their Nature and Morphology, p. 33). 



" This will prove a vei-y interesting muscle indeed to search for in 

 the various forms of bird life in our own United States avifauna." 



