THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY. 105 



which amono; most Mammals is known as the serratus 

 7nagmis muscle. In certain Reptiles, as the Chameleon, 

 it may be in several detached parts, whereas in Meno- 

 poma it is of a very diminutive size. 



THE TEKSOR PATAGII MUSCLES.^ 

 67. The tensor patagii loogus. 68. The tensor patagii brevis. 



Under this head I will separately describe two extra- 

 ordinary little muscles peculiar to the musculature of the 

 pectoral extremity of the vast majority of birds. 



^ Referring to 'Bronn' s Klassen des llder-Reichs (vi. Band, pp. 253, 

 254) we find a very clear and succinct account of these muscles by 

 Gadow, who records the following synonymy for them ; they being 

 by him both described under 



"77. M. PROPATAGIALTS. 



Le grand {et le jjetit) extenseur de la membrane externe de Vaile. Vicq 



d'Azyr, 17 73, p. 568, No. 3 und 4. 

 Langarmiger Muskel. Merrem, p. 156. 

 Tensor membrance anterioris alee. Wiedemann, p. 85 ; Tiedemann, 



§ 267; Heusinger, p. 185, No. 19. 

 Spanner der vorderen Flughaut. Meckel, pp. 337-345. 

 Spanner des Windfangs. Prechtl, § 69. 



Langer Muskel der vorderen Flligelfalte. Schupss, p. 82, No. 2. 

 Kurzer ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, p. 86, No. 3. 



ilf. accessorius ad bicipitem. Nitzsch. 

 Tensor longus + et brevis (patag. membran. anter. aim). Selenka, 



No. 48 und 49. 

 Tensor patagii longus + brevis. De Man, p. 110, No. 15 und 16; 



Garrod, Liter., No. 56 ; Froc. Zool. Soc. 1876, pp. 508-512, und 



Taf. 48-51 ; Forbes, Tubinares, pp. 25-28, und Taf. iv., mit 



ausgezeichneten Abbildungen ; Carlsson, pp. 20 und 21. 

 Tensor p)0'tagii longus. Watson, p. 88. 

 Tenseur marginal de la membrane anterieure de Vaile. Gervais et 



Alix, p. 23. 

 Cleido-metacarpien — Tenseur marginal. Alix, p. 402, No. 1. 

 Cleido-epicondylien — Tenseur moyen. Alix, p. 403, No. 2. 

 M. proimtagialis. Fiirbringer." 



