108 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



ulna. The anterior muscle terminates in a small tendon 

 which runs along the edge of the aponeurotic expansion 

 of the wing. In this situation it becomes elastic ; it 

 then resumes its ordinary tendinous structure, passes over 

 the end of the radius, and is inserted into the short 

 confluent metacarpal. It combines with the jDreceding 

 muscle in bending the forearm ; and further, in conse- 

 rpience of the elasticity of its tendon, puckers up the 

 soft part of the fold of the wing " [Anat. Verts., vol. ii. 

 p. 98). 



And Mivart says, when speaking of the trapezius, 

 that in Bats a long slender segment of this muscle 

 may pass along the upper margin of the wing mem- 

 brane from the occiput to the distal jihalanx of the 

 pollex. 



" In the Flying Squirrel {Pteryomys) a similar mus- 

 cular band goes to the rudimentary pollex, luit it 

 springs from the zygoma, and is therefore rather a 

 modification of the platysma myoides than of the 

 trapezius ; as it is also in Galeopithecus. 



" In birds an analogous and similarly slender muscle 

 goes to the pollex or to a sesamoid at its base, but this 

 muscle is often an ofl"shoot from the pectoralis major, 

 though it may contain fil^res from the deltoid or from 

 the biceps — showing in what diverse ways a similar 

 want may be supplied" [EJem. Anat., p. 320). 



I present the results of the observations of these 

 several eminent authorities, more particularly to show 

 how very different are the relations, origins, and in- 

 sertions of these two little muscles in the class birds, 

 and how well accurately recorded dissections of them 

 would repay the labours of the investigator. Several 

 years ago I showed how the distal extremity of the 

 tensor patagii longus was attached to the os j^i^omiyiens 



