122 THE MYOLOar OF THE RAVEN. 



of the humerus, its fibres passing directly over the elbow- 

 joint on that side to insert themselves upon the hiteral 

 surface of the proximal end of the ulna quite up to 

 the margin of the greater sigmoid cavity. 



This muscle protects the anterior aspect of the elbow- 

 joint, and assists the hicej)s in flexing the antibrachium 

 upon the brachium.^ 



MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM AND HAND. 



As we pass towards the hand in a bird, and this Raven 

 forms no exception, we find the muscles deviating still more 

 from the musculature of the corresponding parts among 

 the Mammalia. Muscles arise and tendons depart from 

 their more common tracks to be inserted as best meets 

 the main function of this limb in Aves — its modification 

 to an instrument for the purposes of flight. Many of 

 these muscles I can make out, but quite a number of 

 them are not noticed by Owen, Huxley, Mivart, Garrod, 



^ Flirbringer describes this muscle as the brachialis inferior, and 

 in this he was followed by Gadow, who retained the same name for 

 it, and in Bronn's Klassen presents the following synonymy {Joe. 

 ciL, p. 262) :— 



" 80. M. BKACHIALIS INFERIOR. 



Le court JlecJdsseur de Vavant bras. Vicq d'Azyr, p. 572. 



,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, Gervais et Alix, p. 27. 



Ellenbogenbeuger [Flexor parvus vlno'). Wiedemann, j). 89. 

 Brachialis intermis. Tiedemann, p. 312, No. 2. 

 d'Alton, p. 25, No. 23. 

 ,, ,, Rudinger, p. 100; Heusinger, p. 184, No. 11. 



Selenka, p. 125, No. 52. 

 De Man, No. 18. 

 ,, ,, Watson, p. 91. 



„ ,, Carlsson, p. 27. 



Kleiner Beuger. Meckel, p. 325, No. 2. 

 Kurzer Beuger des Vorderarmes. Schopss, p. 141, No. 28 {Flexor 



hrevis antihrachii). 

 Innerer Armmuskel (Einzieher des Vorderarmes). Prechtl, § 47. 

 Bracldalis inferior , Fiirbringe)'." 



