U(J THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



ulna (Fig. 37), being found immediately beneath the 

 fiexor (Jujitorum profundus, or rather the anterior por- 

 tion of its muscular division, and the posterior third of 

 the tendon that comes off from it. The carneous portion 

 of the fiexor carpi ulnaris hrevior is entirely attached 

 to the ulna, while its exposed surface is covered by a 

 glistening, tendinous fascia. This merges, anteriorly, 

 into its true tendon, which passes from the apex of the 

 muscle directly to the carpus, well above the ulna's 

 shaft. At the carpus it winds around in front of the 

 radiale bone, from the ulnar side, to become inserted 

 upon the outer edge, near the top, of the anchylosed os 

 magnum of the carpo-metacarpus. This anterior portion 

 of the tendon is firmly held in its position by a strong 

 fibrous sheath, in which it plays. 



This muscle can only be satisfactorily examined by 

 removing the other muscles of the forearm ; and, indeed, 

 I have taken up all the muscles of this division of the 

 pectoral limb in the order in which they most con- 

 veniently occur for examination. So that, for the 

 student to follow my work, he will find his task much 

 lightened by investigating them in the same order, i.e. 

 from 73 to 84 inclusive, as given in the list. 



To complete our musculature of the upper extremity 

 we have yet to consider those muscles, several in num- 

 ber, which may be regarded as the intrinsic ones of 

 the hand. In the extensive chapter on the muscles of 

 birds, in his Anatomy of Vertebrates (vol. ii.), Profes- 

 sor Owen simply alludes to these muscles, and neither 

 gives their names nor otherwise describes them ; while 

 Professor Mivart has nothing to say about them so far 

 as they occur in Aves, in his Anatomy. Consequently, 

 we shall be oblio^ed to name them as their localities, 

 origins, and insertions seem to indicate. 



