200 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



109. The gastrocnemius'^ muscle in the Eaven is 

 quite a complicated one, more complicated even than we 

 find it to be in a man, or others of the higher ty})es of 

 Mammalia. It develops three distinct heads, viz. an 

 external head, an internal head, and a tiljial head. 



The external head arises rather far Ijack upon the 

 external aspect of the outer condyle of the femur, Ijy 

 a short, somewhat flattened, though a strong tendon. 

 This oriscin is below the orio-in of the lono; end of the 

 fibrous loops for the biceps, while the extremity of the 

 short end of this loop is attached to the tendon of 

 the external head of the gastrocnemius first, before it 

 passes into its carneous portion. In form this muscular 

 portion of the external division of the gastrocnemius is 

 a broad flattened spindle ; slightly concaved on its inner 

 surfcxce, and rather more convexed on its outer aspect. 

 The lower apex of this portion of the muscle merges into 



^ " 49. M. GASTROCNEMIUS. 



31. primus 2Wsterior pedeni et digitos movens. Aldrovaudi. 



M. sejitimus circa tibiam et fibulam. 8teno. 



Les muscles jumeaux. Vicq d'Azyr, p. 283, No. 1. 



Grosser Wadenmuskel. Merrem, p. 4G0, No. 3. » 



Gastrocnemius. Wiedemann, p. 101. 



,, Tiedemann, § 304. 



,, Quennerstedt, p. 32. 



,, Neander, p. 20. 



DeMan, p. 129, No. 17. 



,, Gadovv, No. 33. 



,, WatsoD, p. 116. 



Les gastrocnemiens. Cuvier, p. 539. 

 Wadenmuskel oder Fussstrecker, Meckel, System, p. 373, No. 3 ; 



Archiv, p. 273, No. 3. 

 Gastrocnemius internus + externus. Owen, Apteryx, pp. 294, 295. 

 Gastrocnemien et soleaire tibial. Gervais et Alix, pp. 34, 35. 

 Gastrocnemien (Jumeau externe et interne + soleaire tibial). Alix, 

 p. 451." (Gadow, loc. cit., p. 183.) 



