THE MUSCULATURE OF THE TRUNK. 287 



tendons the carneous portion of the muscle is more or 

 less attached to the centra of the vertebrae in question, 

 which several attachments correspond to the accessory 

 fasciculi down the remainder of the neck to at last 

 distinctly include the eighth vertebra. Each of these 

 fasciculi arise from the fore part of the pleurapophysis 

 of a vertebra, and pass oblic[uely upwards to become 

 attached to the under side of that tendon of the 

 longus colli which is inserted into the apex of the 

 parapophysis of the vertebra next beyond. 



This system of accessory fasciculi of the longus 

 colli anterior can only be satisfactorily examined after 

 the muscle has been forcibly pulled away from the verte- 

 bral column, catching ahold of it near its middle. 



The superior ohlique portion of the muscle is quite 

 distinct, and arises from the diapophyses of the fifth, 

 fourth, and third vertebrae, and passing upwards becomes 

 tendinous, and is inserted, as already stated, into the 

 inferior tubercle of the atlas, to the outer side of the 

 tendon of the vertical portion. 



The iyiferior oblique portion is also distinct, but must 

 be regarded more in the light of a specially differen- 

 tiated fasciculus from the vertical portion. 



It arises from the transverse processes of the sixth, 

 fifth, and fourth vertebrae (mesiad to the preceding 

 portion on the fifth and fourth), passes upwards, and 

 is inserted by a delicate tendon into the apex of the 

 parapophysis of the third vertej^ra. 



In the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of 

 London (1876, pi. xxvi.), Garrod gives an excellent 

 figure showing the interesting peculiarities of the 

 longus colli in Plotus, and Sir Eichard Owen says of 

 it in the Apteryx that " this large and long muscle, 

 which appears simple when first exposed, is found to 



