296 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



140. Tlic intercostales^ are very prettily developed 

 ill a Raven. The fir.st or anterior one of the series 

 is the thickest and most evident. It arises from the 

 anterior free margin of the first dorsal ril3, commencing 

 as low down as its articulation with the costal rilj, and 

 is carried as high np as that point where the dorsal 

 rib gains its greatest width. The fibres pass obliquely 

 upwards and forwards, and are inserted into the pos- 

 terior margin of the last free rib, which is, of course, the 



1 On pages 121, 122, and 123 of Bi-ona's Thier-Reichs (vi. Band), 

 Gadow devotes a very full account to two sets of " intercostal 

 muscles" in birds, his MiM. intercostales externi (18«) and Lis 

 Mm. intercostales intern: (18i), while in the same category he 

 places his Mm. iNXERArPENDicuLARES (18f). The synonymy of these 

 "rib-muscles" he presents as follows : — - 



" h. Rippenmuskeln. 



" 18. System der Mm. intercostales. 



" Mm. intercostales. 



Jh/sdes intercosfaux internes et externes. Vicq d'Azyr, pp. 292-293 ; 



Cuvier, p. 324; Gervais et Alix, p. 13. 

 Mvi. intercostales externi et interni, o. innere und iiussere Zwischen- 



I'ippenmuskeln. Tiedemann, § 239 ; Meckel, System^-^^. dO\ 



und 302, No. 1-5; Archiv, p. 248, No. 1-2; d'Alton, p. 13; 



Owen. 

 Mm. intercostales externi et interni, o. innere und iiussere Zwischen- 



rippenmuskeln. Magnus, p. 225 ; Selenka, p. 104, No. 2 ; 



Gadow, No. 5 ; Watson, pp. 69 und TO. 

 Musculi interappendicidares costarum. Tiedemann. 

 Accessory external intercostal muscles. Watson, p. 70." 



Under his (II.) system of the Yentri-laterale Muskeln (rt. 

 Halsregion), Prof. Gadow also describes his Mm. intertuberculares 

 (No. 17, p. 121): " Ein system von kurzen Muskeln als tiefste 

 Schicht der ventralen Halsmuskulatur. Sie beginnen als selbstiindige 

 Muskeln von den hinteren Halswirbeln an, wiihrend sie weiter 

 rlickwiirts innig mit den Mm. intertransversarii anteriores ver- 

 wachsen." And for a full account see the work refei-red to. 



