88 BIRDS OF INDIA. 



the level of the sea nearly to about 2,000 feet of elevation. It is 

 not common, frequents the more open spots and glades in thick 

 jungle, and is usually found in the neighbourhood of water. It 

 lives in small families, is sprightly and active, hopping about the 

 smaller branches of trees, and uttering now and then its pleasant 

 twitter, much in the manner of the crested Bulbuls. Its food 

 consists chiefly of fruits and berries. 



A very closely allied species is the Ixos dispar of Horsfield, 

 Temm., PI. col. 137 ; and another has lately been procured in 

 Ceylon, R. aherrans, Blyth. 



The next species has the head conspicuously crested, and the 

 bill is shorter than in the foregoing ; but it has a general similarity 

 of character and plumage, and the irides of both (which is unusual 

 in this family) are pale yellow. 



456. Rubigula flaviventris, Tickell. 



Vanga, apud Tickell, J. A. S., 2— Blyth, Cat. 1275— Horsf., 

 Cat. 371 — Brachypus melanocephalus, GiiAY, Hardw., ill. Ind. 

 Zool. 2, pi. 35, f. 1. — Br. plumifera, Gould — Zurd hulbul, H. — 

 Pahariya havgdhara, at Goruckpore — Manclipli-kur, Lepch. 



The Black-crested Yellow-bulbul. 



Descr. — Above olive-green, beneath yellow, with a greenish 

 tinge, strongest on the breast ; head ( with a long slender erectile 

 crest ), cheeks, and throat, glossy black ; primaries within dusky 

 black ; the tail brown, the feathers edged with green on the outer 

 webs. 



Bill black ; legs dark horn ; irides pale yellow. Length nearly 

 8 inches ; wing 3f ; tail 3^ ; bill at front \ ; tarsus y^^. 



This Bulbul is found in the Himalayas from Nepal to Bootan, 

 extending into Assam, Arrakan, and Burmah ; also in the forests 

 of Central India, Avhere it Avas procured by Tickell. I found it in 

 Sikhim in the warm valleys from 1,200 feet to 3,000, most abundant 

 in the lower elevations, as on the banks of the Rungeet. It associates 

 in small flocks, is lively and active, and has the usual twittering 

 notes of this family. It feeds chiefly on fruits. 



An allied species is /. bimacidatus, Lesson, from Java, with 

 the cheeks orange-red. 



