FOOD AND ITS UTILISATION 



93 



to the front of the rest of the skull. Parrots often gnaw into 

 hard nuts or grind hard seeds to powder, there being file- 

 like roughnesses to the inside of the bill. 



Fig. 22. — Types of beak, i, eagle (hooked) ; 2, curlew (decurved) ; 

 3, goatsucker (wide gape); 4, spoonbill (spatulate) ; 5, toucan; 6, giant 

 petrel ; 7, cockatoo ; 8, spatula duck (lamellate) ; 9, goosander (ser- 

 rate) ; 10, hawfinch ; 11, robin ; 12, rhyncops or skimmer. 



Adaptations for fish-catching by spearing are seen in 

 the snake-bird ; by gripping in gannet, cormorant, and 

 merganser ; by engulfing in the pelican. The puffin 



