INDEX 



431 



Cormorant {Phalacrocorax carbo), 

 diving of, 86 ; wing-drying, 

 148 ; habitat, 154 ; defence 

 of young, 308 



Courtship and si-x, general cha- 

 racteristics, 177 sqq. 



Crab, Robber {Bir^ns latro), migra- 

 tion of, 174 



Crocodile bird {Pluviamis cegypiiiis), 

 407 



Crop, forms and adaptations, 99 

 sqq. 



Crossbill (Loxia), form of bill, 95 



Crow (spp.) used as food, 409, 413 



Cuckoo {Ciiculus canorus), food of, 



88 ; migration of, 162, 172 ; 



egg of, 271, 27s, 278, 280 ; 



nesting habits, 309-10 



Great Spotted (Cuccystes glati- 



darius), nesting habits, 310 

 {Scythrops novee hollandice), 

 nesting habits, 310 



Curlew {Numenius arquatd), form of 

 bill, 93, 95 ; habitat and life, 

 I S3 ; egg of, 273 



Dabchick; see Grebe. 



Dimorphism (of sexes), 210 sqq. ; 

 theories of, Darwin's, 213 ; 

 Cunningham's, 214 ; sur- 

 plusage theory, 217 



Dinosaur stock, problem of evolution 

 from, 3, 350 



Dipper ; see Water Ouzel. 



Divergences, terminology of, 369-70 



Diving-birds, knee-process, 62 



Domestication, effects of, 409 



Duck (domestic), " wing-pockets " 

 of, 149 ; modifications from 

 diet, 380 ; hybridisation, 390 



Duckmole (Platypus), resemblances 

 with birds, 135 



Duerden, J. E., on variation in 

 ostrich, 368 



Eagle, Golden {Aquila chrysaetus), 

 152 ; eye of, 318 



Ear, structure and functions, 15, 

 328 sqq. 



" Eclipse " plumage, 30-31 



Economic aspects of bird-life, 398 

 sqq. ; 409 sqq. 



Egg, making of, 243 sqq. ; matura- 

 tion of ovum, 253 ; after 

 fertilisation, 258 sqq. ; early 

 development, 262 sqq. ; 

 hatching, 269 ; forms of, 



dwarf, double-yolked, triplc- 

 yolkcd, 251 ; ovum in ovo, 

 262 ; twin, 262 ; size and 

 number, 271 sqq. ; shape, 

 273-4 ; shell-texture, 275 ; 

 decomposition, 276 ; colora- 

 tion, 276 sqq. ; uses of egg- 

 coloration, 278 sqq. 



Egg-tooth, formation of, 63-4, 266, 

 269 



Eider duck {Somateria mollissima), 

 defence of young, 308 ; nests 

 of, 291, 294 



Embryo, abnormalities in, 267 ; 

 recapitulation of evolutionary 

 stages in, 269 ; reptilian 

 features in, 364 



Emu (Dromarus), problem of 

 ancestry, 356 



Estuarine birds, 158 



Evolution of types, 361, 363 sqq. ; 

 factors m, 365 sqq. 



Ewart, Professor, on plumage 24-5 



Excretion, 130 sqq. ; removal from 

 nest, 304 



Eye, structure and functions 65, 

 319 sqq. 



Eyelids, 326 



Fantail Warbler, nest-making, 295 



Fault-bars, 39 



Feathers, development, 5-6 ; cha- 

 racteristics, 1 6 sqq. ; typical 

 structure, 17 ; kinds of, 19- 

 20, 22, 25, 238 ; uses of, 

 21-2,71 sqq.; succession of, 

 22 sqq. ; development, 16, 

 25 ; single feather, develop- 

 ment, 26 ; replacement, 28 ; 

 iridescence, 34, 38 ; adapta- 

 tion to aquatic life, 148 ; 

 sec Moulting ; " Eclipse " 

 Plumage. 



Fecundity, 281 sqq. 



Fertilisation of ovum, 256 sqq. 



Fertility, 281 sqq. 



Flamingo {Phoenicopterus roseus), 

 form of bill, 94, 95 



Flight, development of, 2, 5 ; 

 origin, 71 ; adaptations for, 

 49 SQQy 72 ; movements in, 

 72 sqq. ; gliding, 75 ; sailing, 

 78 ; velocity, 80 ; biological 

 significance, 81 sqq. ; modes 

 and types, 85 



Flying Bird (Carinate) type, 1 1 



Food of birds, 2, 87 sqq. ; varia- 

 tions, 89-90 ; modes of 

 capture, 90 sqq. ; digestion 



