434 



INDEX 



Oyster-catcher (Hamatopus ostra- 

 legus), food of, 88 ; form of 

 bill, 95 ; courtship behaviour, 



Parachuting, before flying, 2, 71 

 Parasites of birds, 405-6 

 Parathyroids, functions of, 140 

 Parental care, 287 sqq., 316 

 Parrot (spp.), intelligence of, 343 

 (Stringops), burrowing habit, 



49,51,377 



Partridge {Perdix cinerea), egg of, 



272 ; suppression of scent, 



290 ; education of young, 339 



American (Lophornyx cali- 



fornicus), mutual aid, 315 

 Red-legged (Caccabis rufa), 

 seed-dispersal, 404 ; intro- 

 duced in Britain, 411 



Peacock (Pavo cristatus), sex-cha- 

 racters, 197, 212, 220 



Peacock-pheasant (Polyplectron),sex- 

 character, 223 



Pedigree of birds, 345 sqq. 



Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) , 

 mutual aid, 315 



Penguin (spp.), plumage, 23 ; 

 moulting of, 30 ; form of 

 sternum, 49, 50 ; skull-form, 

 63 ; tobogganing, 145 ; 

 swimming, 146, 147 ; feeding 

 of young, 303 



Pennae, plumose, 23 ; pennaceous. 



Perching, adaptations for, 69 



Petrel, Diving (Pelecanoides), under- 

 water progression, 146 

 Storm (Procellaria pelagica), oil 

 ejection, 113 ; nesting of, 303 



Peewit ; see Lapwing. 



Phalarope (spp.), sex-characters, 178, 

 208 ; incubation habit, 291 



Pheasant (Phasianus colchiciis), intro- 

 duced in Britain, 411 

 Tragopan (Ceriornis), dimor- 

 phism, 212 



Pigeon (Columba), food-canal, 100 ; 

 brain, 116 ; nervous system, 

 120 ; mating behaviour, 177 

 sqq. ; brooding of, 291 ; 

 feeding of young, 303 ; pedi- 

 gree aspect, 366 ; variation 

 transmitted, 375 ; hybridisa- 

 tion, 390 



** Pigeon's milk," 101-2, 293, 303 



Pigments in feathers, 35 sqq. ; 

 physiological meaning, 41 



Pineal body, formation of, 121 



Pituitary body, properties of, 137, 

 140, 141 



Plover, Kentish (^gialitis cantiana), 



courtship behaviour, 185 sqq. 



Ringed {^gialitis hiaticola), 



coloration of young, 45 ; nest 



of, 296 



Plumage ; see Feathers. 



Pose, main t^'pes, 11 



Poultry ; see Fowl, domestic. 



Powder-down feathers, 19-20 



Preen-gland, 12 sqq., 67 



Prepennae, 22, 25 



Preplumulae, 22, 25 



Protoptiles, 23 



Ptarmigan (Lagopus tnutus), moult- 

 ing, 30 ; white plumage of, 

 41 ; foot-form, 97, 150 ; 

 heart, 150 ; colour-changes, 

 150 ; a " relict " species, 152 



Pterodactyl, adaptation to flight, 49 ; 

 flight of, 71, 81, 82 ; bird- 

 pedigree problem, 350 



Puffin {Fratercula arctica), pose of, 

 1 1 ; bill-scales, 14 ; form of 

 bill, 93 ; flight and swim- 

 ming, 147 ; habitat and life, 

 154, 156 ; courtship be- 

 haviour, 190 ; seasonal cha- 

 racters, 220 ; nest of, 297 ; 

 feeding of young, 303 



Quezal (Pharomacrus mociimo), di- 

 morphism, 213 



Ratitae, problem of ancestry, 356 

 sqq. ; characteristics of 

 plumage, 358 



Raven (Corvus cor ax), syrinx of, 

 125 ; egg of, 271, 273 



Razorbill {Alca torda), habitat and 

 life, 156 ; nest, 298 



Redshank (Totanus calidris), court- 

 ship behaviour, 185-6 ; de- 

 fence of young, 308 



Reflex action, 117 sqq. 



Regulatory system, 137 sqq. 



Reindeer, antlers of, 219, 223 



Reproduction, evolutionary aspect, 8 



Reproductive organs, 138 



Reptilian affinities of birds, i sqq., 

 64, 66, 68, 70, 104, 131, 137, 

 191,243 

 ancestry, 347 sqq., 363-4 



Resident (British) birds, 161 



Respiration, process of, 6, 7, 123 

 sqq. 



Rhea {R. amertcana), problem of 

 ancestry, 356 ; hunting, 416 



