14 LLOYD S NATURAL HISTORY. 



the bill and feet more dusky than in the male. Total length, 



15 inches; culmen, 1-5; wing, 7-4; tail, 2-0; tarsus, 1*3. 

 Young Birds. — Resemble the old female, but have no crest, 



and are more plentifully mottled with dusky-brown on the 

 lower parts ; there is also a patch of rusty- or whity-brown on 

 the lores and chin. The young males are darker than the 

 females, have blacker heads, and have the motdings on the 

 fore-neck continued over the chest ; iris brown. 



Nestling. — Almost entirely brown, with only a faintly indicated 

 spot of lighter brown on each side of the lower back ; forehead, 

 eyebrow, and sides of face rather lighter brown, but the cheeks 

 dusky-brown ; under surface of body buffy-white, the fore-neck, 

 sides of the body, and lower abdomen more dusky-brown. 



Hybrids. — The Tufted Scaup has been known to cross with 

 the Summer Duck, the Teal, and the Common and White-eyed 

 Pochards. 



Characters. — Distinguished by the white speculum, tipped with 

 black, the very obvious crest, and the uniform back. 



Range in Great Britain. — Athough better known as a winter 

 visitor to the British Islands, the Tufted Scaup Duck breeds 

 in many counties, from Norfolk to Northumberland, in Lan- 

 cashire, Sussex, Dorset, and especially at Rainworth, Mr. 

 Whitaker's estate in Nottinghamshire, as well as in other 

 localities in the sime county. I have also noticed it in pairs 

 at Avington in Hampshire at the end of May, and believe that 

 some remain to breed there. In Scotland it breeds on many 

 of the lochs ; and besides Lough Neagh, Lough Beg, the Shan- 

 non Lakes, and Co. Monaghan, where Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey 

 recorded its nesting in Ireland, it is now said by Mr. Ussher to 

 breed in Fermanagh, Roscommon, and Sligo, and probably also 

 on lakes in Longford and Westmeath. 



Eange outside the British Islands. — The present species breeds 

 in the northern part of the Palaearctic Region from the Atlantic 

 to the Pacific, and goes far south in winter, in the East visiting 

 the Indian Peninsula, China, the Malayan Archipelago, and 

 even extending to the Mariannes and Pelew Islands. In Europe 

 its southern breeding-range is said by Mr. Seebohm to extend 

 to about 50° N. lat, but its northern limit is 70° N. lat. in 



