32 LLOYDS NATURAL HLSTORY. 



feet brown, the wcbs of the toes blackish ; iris dark brown. 

 Total length, 15-5 inches; culmen, t'o; wing, 77; tail, 3-8; 

 tarsus, 1-35. 



Adult Female. — Totally different from the male. Uniform 

 sooty-brown, darker brown on the lower back, rump, and 

 upper tail-coverts ; wings plain sooty-brown, without any sign 

 of a speculum ; head and neck sooty-brown, darker on the 

 crown and lighter on the throat, and more chocolate-brown on 

 the chest and sides of the body ; in front of the eye a dusky 

 patch, above which is a spot of white ; lores and sides of face 

 to the hinder level of the eye whitish, mottled with smoky- 

 brown ; on the ear-coverts a spot of white ; breast whitish, 

 mottled with dusky bases to the feathers ; the lower abdomen 

 and under tail-coverts, as well as the axillaries and under wing- 

 coverts, sooty-brown. Total length, i6-o inches; culmen, I'o; 

 wing, 7*6; tail, 3*6; tarsus, 1*4. 



Young Males. — Resemble the old female, but are somewhat 

 darker in colour. In their first spring plumage tliey show 

 some white on the chin and throat, and have a browner 

 abdomen than the adults, with less chestnut on the flanks and 

 less white on the scapulars. 



Nestling. — Dark brown, with a white spot on each wing, and 

 another on each side of the rump ; underneath white, shaded 

 with brown on the breast and flanks ; the throat white. 



Range in Great Britain. — Of very rare occurrence in our islands, 

 most of the records being extremely doubtful, some other 

 species having been mistaken for the Harlequin. A specimen 

 in Mr. Whitaker's collection was obtained from Scarborough 

 in the autumn of 1862, and two others were shot near the 

 Fame Islands in December, 1886. 



Range outside the British Islands. — The Harlequin Duck is 

 strictly an arctic species, nesting in the extreme north of both 

 the Old and New Worlds. In North America it breeds as 

 far south as Newfoundland, the Northern Rocky Mountains, 

 and the Sierra Nevada, as far as 38° N. lat., according to 

 Mr. Ridgway, wintering in the Middle States and the Ohio 

 Valley, and being found in winter as far south as California. 

 It is resident in Iceland and visits Greenland in summer, 



