2o6 Lloyd's natural history. 



I Adult Male. — General colour above rufous, black, and grey, 

 the whole aspect of the upper surface being mottled ; the ground- 

 colour is rufous, the feathers freckled with coarse black cross- 

 lines and with large terminal or sub-terminal spots of black : 

 many of the feathers tipped with grey, which is distributed over 

 the whole of the upper surface in spots and patches ; the 

 scapulars with dusky-greyish cross-bars, each bar with a narrow 

 blackish marking ; wing-coverts more rufous than the back, the 

 lesser-coverts barred with black spots, the median and greater 

 series with dusky-grey cross-markings composed of bars or twin- 

 spots, which have a narrow black line both above and below, 

 the inner coverts spotted with white or greyish-white at the 

 ends; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills dusky-brown, 

 chequered with rufous notches on the outer web, the inner web, 

 for the most part, uniform, except for some slight notches on the 

 extreme inner margin ; the notches on the outer webs of the 

 first two primaries much paler and inclining to whitish, or in 

 old birds, ahnost disappearing, so that it becomes nearly uni- 

 form ; the inner secondaries resembling the greater- coverts and 

 being barred across or having twin-spots of blackish or ashy- 

 brown, all the inner secondaries having an ashy-white spot at 

 the ends, and being largely marked with black in continuation 

 of the pattern of the scapulars ; lower back, rump, and upper 

 tail-coverts rufous with obsolete cross-markings of ashy-brown ; 

 tail-feathers blackish-brown, notched on the outer webs with 

 rufous, and having a grey band at the tip, which is silvery-white 

 underneath ; the forehead, eyebrow, and sides of face ashy, 

 with a few bars of dusky-black, of which there is a spot at the 

 base of the mandible as well as a blackish line from the base 

 of the latter to the eye ; the hinder crown principally black, 

 mottled with rufous, and barred across with ashy or greyish- 

 white bands ; the hind-neck and sides of neck ashy-grey mot- 

 tled with bars of dusky-blackish ; ear-coverts ashy with a black 

 bar across them ; the cheeks somewhat whiter and minutely 

 spotted with black ; chin white ; remainder of under surface 

 ashy-white and barred with pale brown ; the fore-neck, breast, 

 and sides of body buff, the latter having light brown bars, edged 

 above and below with blackish lines ; under tail-coverts sandy- 

 buff inclining to silvery white at the tips, the feathers barred 

 with dusky-black and having a sub-terminal arrow-shaped black 



