xiv BIRDS OF ICELAND 



corresponds anatomically to our wrist) to the end of 

 the longest primary, or wing-quill. This can, of course, 

 be taken equally well from a skin, as the wing does 

 not vary by manipulation. 



' Eesident ' is a term applied to a species indicating 

 that some individuals (but not necessarily the same 

 ones) are to be found in the country all the year 

 round. 



A ' summer visitor ' is a bird which arrives in the 

 country by migration from abroad some time during 

 the spring, and stays till the autumn. Some species 

 pass through the country only, mostly along the coasts, 

 and in spring, on their way to their breeding-grounds 

 farther north, and return in the same way during the 

 autumn, passing a few days only in the country on 

 each occasion. These are frequently termed ' birds of 

 passage,' e.g. the Knot, Curlew Sandpiper, etc. Some 

 which breed infrequently in Iceland, as the Grey 

 Phalarope, are more birds of passage, in reality, than 

 summer visitors, as many more individuals merely pass 

 through on misjration than remain to breed. 



Thornhaugh Eectory, 

 Wansford. 



